
\s/AR 
HISTORY 



^*Oc>t 



Tide\Vater 
Companies 



Tide 
Water 
Tbpics 

JULY'AUG-1920 
V0b2 # NO 7 



fVe cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot 

hallow this ground. The brave men living and dead 

who struggled here have consecrated it Jar above our 

power to add or detract. The world will little note 

nor long remember what we soy here, but it can 

never forget what they did here.'''' 

-^ 

Abraham Lincoln 



^-^.18/920 




WAR HISTORY 

TIDE WATER 
COMPANIES 




Told by Those Who 

Served Their Country 

and Tide Water 



Published by 

Tide Water Oil Company 

li' BROADWAY :: NEW YORK 

FRANCES M. BUENTE, Cdiur 



6 



Q 






CoPYKKiHT 1920 

Tide Water Oil Company 
New York 



'C!.Ao76106 

7t^ /. 



CONTENTS 



^ 



Foreword ......... 7 

Mobilization ok the Petroleum Industrn ... 9 

Europe in 1914 to 1917 . . . . . . 12 

Activities of the Tide Water Companies . . .11- 

Tide Water Sales Department— T. J. Skidnwie 14 

The Paraffin and Lubricating Department — O. V. Kt-enei/ 1.5 
Tide Water Oil Sales Corporation—//. J. Guthrie . 16 
Cooperage Department — A'. //. Shelley . . .17 

Pipe Line — A. IV. Golden . . . . .17 

Thrift Departments of the Pipe Line — C. W. Biirtis . 18 
The Refinery's Activities — J. B. Edxcards . 18 

Liberty Loans and War Savings Stamps . .19 

After the United States Entered the Conflict . '20 

The Battle of Chateau-Thierry . . . '2.5 

Chateau-Thierry, Poem — G. V . WilUams . . . "29 

The St. Mihiel Sector 31 

The Argonne ....... 34 

The Last Battle 3.5 

The Armistice . . . . . . .37 

More of Our Boys' Experiences . .39 

Filter Plant Historian Champions His Bovs — Dan Sxccenei/ 40 
A Sailor's Prayer ....... 4(5 

Reward of Faithful Service — M. B. Si nil . . .47 

Passed by the Censor — Violette liey . . .48 

The Red Cross ........ .50 

The American Red Cross Was a Mother to Him— A". //. Stilrin .5 1 
The Camouflage Corps — 0. C. Gohde.s . . . . ,52 

The Right Man for the Right Job . . . . .53 

The Nut Test"" — George R. Denton .... .5.5 

Honor Roll ........ .57 



YJf^ITH the generous help and advice of 
' r many Tide Water friends this history 
has been compiled, and to them we wish here 
to express our appreciation. 

Tide Water is proud of every man and 
woman who has done his or her share in 
serving our country — rvhat they have done is 
not forgotten. To them this book is dedicated. 

—The Editor. 




'HIS BOOK is not intended as a glori- 
fication of war or of Tide Water's part in 
the war. It is rather a tribute to the men 
and women of all the Tide Water Com- 
panies who served directly or indirectly. What 
Tide Water as an organization did for the country 
was made possible by the devotion of the individuals. 
With faithful industry the company supplied the 
fuel so necessary for the prosecution of the war. 

As individuals many Tide Water men and women 
gave more direct service. Tide Water was repre- 
sented in nearly every branch of service — military 
and non-military. We will long remember with 
pride the record of our men who entered the army 
and navy. Those men who were over age rendered 
valuable service in other ways. Our women worked 
hard in the tasks allotted them. 

These pages cannot cover the experiences of all, 
interesting though they may be. We only hope to 
give a general idea of the activities of our several 
companies and employes and to record Tide Water's 
appreciation of their part in bringing the war to a 
successful termination. 




o 



CC 






MOBILIZATION OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY 



Mobilization of the Petroleum Industry 

R. D. Benson 




HEN the suggestion was made 
to me that we print a war 
history of the Tide Water, it 
tJ) appealed to me as eminently 
fitting, for we have indeed a 
war history — one of which we 
are proud. Our history is nothing spec- 
tacular, for we did nothing sensational 
either as a company or as individuals, but 
we all did what we could, and we gave 
freely of our time, thought and strength, 
and some of our boys gave their lives in 
the battle for the right. 

Much of this little history consists of 
the boys' own stories, telling of the points 
at which they touched the war. I have 
been asked to paint the background, so to 
speak, to sketch briefly what the Petro- 
leum Industry did in the war, more espe- 
cially as involving our own Company, and 
this is so well known that only an outline 
is needed. 

Prior to the entry of the L^nited States 
into the World War there was no regula- 
tion of industry; every manufacturer was 
privileged to sell to whom he would, at 
the best prices obtainable. In the petro- 
leum industry export trade was very 
largo ; the demand from the Allies for 
gasoline and fuel oil was great, and those 
manufacturers located on the seaboard 
had all the foreign business they could 
handle. One of the first things done by 
Congress after our entry into the war was 
the passage of the Lever Bill, under Avhich 
the control of the large industries essen- 
tial to war work was placed in the hands 
of the President ; and the petroleum in- 
dustrv was allocated to the Fuel Admin- 



istration and placed in charge of the Hon. 
Mark L. Requa as Director-General. 

In the summer of 1917, under the chair- 
manship of Mr. A. C. Bedford, the Na- 
tional Petroleum War Service Committee 
was organized by the petroleum industry 
itself, to work with Mr. Requa in handling 
all problems arising out of supplying the 
needs of our Government and our Allies 
for the petroleum products so essential to 
carrying on the war. This committee con- 
sisted of thirty-two members, made up of 
executives of the large refining and produc- 
ing companies. The independent oil job- 
bers, oil well supply people and the natural 
gas companies were also represented on the 
committee, thus covering the entire field. 
Regular meetings were held every week 
and sometimes several times a week, in 
Mr. Bedford's office at 20 Broadway, and 
in no other way could as much have pos- 
sibly been accomplished toward governing 
the whole petroleum industry and making 
it work as a unit in furnishing supplies so 
greatly needed. Mr. Requa met with the 
Committee frequently, but he never di- 
rected what it should do — the industry 
governed itself and worked out its prob- 
lems so satisfactorily that a member of 
the British Cabinet said, "The Allies 
floated to victory on a sea of oil which 
was largely furnished by American in- 
terests." After the signing of the armis- 
tice, the French Government bestowed 
on Mr. Bedford the order of the Chevalier 
of the Legion d'Honneur, in recognition 
not only of his services but of the services 
of the whole National Petroleum War Ser- 
vice Committee under his direction. 



10 



TIDE \'SATER TOPICS 



The Committee was divided into sixteen 
sub-committees, each deahng with a dif- 
ferent branch of the business. A member 
of the Committee served as chairman of 
each sub-committee, and the rest of the 
members of these sub-committees were 
largely those conversant with the business 
who were not on the general Committee. 
I myself served as Chairman of the Ad- 
visory Committee on Pipe Lines, Atlantic 
Division, which had to do largely with 
the conveying of crude to the eastern coast 
refineries. At various times special com- 
mittees were appointed to take up new 
problems that arose, such as the appor- 
tionment of necessary supplies to the vari- 
ous companies, and on occasion, negotiat- 
ing compromise with other industries, 
drawing on these same supplies for their 
work. For example, I was chairman of 
a Committee on Tin Plate, which had to 
work out not only a maximum supply of 
tin for our industry, but an equitable ap- 
portionment of the tin among the various 
companies in our industry. 

One of the serious problems presented 
for solution was that of providing a grade 
of gasoline suitable for aviation work, and 
this gave many anxious hours to the gen- 
eral Committee as well as to the sub- 
committee in charge, for General Pershing 
at one time thought that only such gaso- 
line as the French Government had been 
supplying by re-distilling the gasoline 
which they purchased in this country 
would answer for aviation, and the 
amounts estimated as required by the 
Army Board were so excessive that if they 
had been furnished as demanded, but little 
gasoline would have remained for the very 
necessary work of transportation of sup- 
plies and ammunition from the railroads 
to the armies at the front. It was learned 
upon investigation that the Army Board's 



estimates were about ten times its actual 
requirements under most favorable con- 
ditions, and it was further determined by 
making careful cuts of gasoline that a 
sufficient quantity could be secured, suit- 
able for aviation use, without going to the 
extreme limits set by the French. 

From the date of our entry into the 
war, extraordinary precautions were taken 
to prevent any disablement of our Plant 
by agents of the enemy. Practically all 
the big industries on Constable Hook were 
engaged in war work at that time, so they 
joined forces and developed a miniature 
navy of defence which patrolled the water 
front in motor boats armed with machine 
guns, covering the shore line from the 
Jersey Central bridge at the end of 
Newark Bay all the way to the Hook. 
The boats of tliis fleet, besides being 
armed, carried armed crews and any at- 
tempt to damage the Works from the 
water front would have been disastrous to 
those who attempted it. Our Company's 
own property is surrounded, except on 
the water side, by a high concrete wall. 
On this we built sentry boxes at frequent 
intervals, in which were posted armed 
watchmen who stood guard night and day. 
We also had searchlights installed that 
played along the wall in either direction 
so that it was as light as day at all times, 
effectually blocking any enemy work un- 
der cover of darkness. We had as many 
as fifty of these armed watchmen guarding 
the refinery on the land side. It is possible 
that our precautions were of no value, for 
no attempt was ever discovered to do in- 
jury to the Plant, but the Management 
felt that it was our patriotic duty to pro- 
tect ourselves against any interference in 
supplying our part of the munitions of 
war. 



MOBILIZATION OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY 



11 



Similar precautions were taken all along 
our pipe line. Searchlights were put up 
at all pump stations, all employes were 
armed, signs warning against trespass 
were conspicuously displayed, and an 
armed guard patrolled day and night at 
the stations and bridges on our line. There 
was one attempt to blow up a tank of 
crude, and another to blow up one of the 
bridges, but both were abortive. 

No general war work construction was 
undertaken by the Tide Water Oil Com- 
pany but there was some special construc- 
tion work done by The Tide-Water Pipe 
Company, Limited, in the way of looping 
its lines and doubling the pumping capacity 
of the stations between Rixford and Stoy. 
It was of the greatest importance that the 
flow of crude from the Mid-Continent 
fields to the seaboard refineries should be 
uninterrupted, and to this end some of 
the pipe line companies laid many miles 



of additional line. In some instances this 
work was paid for by funds furnished by 
the War Service Board, but The Tide 
Water Pipe Company did not ask any help 
from the Government in the work wliich 
it did. 

About 800 of our young men entered 
the service in one or another of its 
branches, and of these, eight never re- 
turned. 

In memory of these boys, their friends 
and associates are erecting a monument 
in the yard of the Tide Water Refinery 
at Bayonne. It has been designed by 
Carrere and Hastings and will be in the 
form of a rectangular oblong about eight 
feet high and three feet wide. It is of 
pink Milford granite, standing on a base 
of the same stone, and it will form an aisle 
of safety in the driveway entering the 
Refinery. The inscription on the bronze 
tablet will read: 



"In Memory of Our Tide Water Boys 
Who Gave Their Lives in the Service of 
Their Country. 1917-1918." 

Harold T, Andrews 
WiLLARD H. Ball, Jr. 
Robert Granger Benson 
Walter A. Branscombe 
James I. Cuff 
William L. Herbert 
Martin Joyce 
Joseph P. Wade 



"Erected by Their Friends and Asso- 
ciates of the Tide Water Oil Company, 
1920." 



12 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



Europe in 1914 to 1917 



FEW of us gave more than passing 
note to the report in the newspapers 
of the murder of Archduke Francis Fer- 
dinand of Austria in Bosnia on June 29, 
1914. It was only another evidence of 
the jealousies and quarrels of the Balkans. 
But this incident brought to a head the 
struggle between the Slav and the Teuton. 
Bosnia was once a province of Serbia and 
had recently been annexed to Austria- 
Hungary. Austria-Hungary sent an ulti- 
matum to Serbia which demanded the sup- 
pression of anti-Austrian propaganda. At 
this Teuton demand, Russia, a Slavic na- 
tion, pricked up her ears. Four weeks 
later Austria declared war on Serbia and 
Russia mobilized. Germany who had been 
standing poised, with her eye on Russia, 
demanded in an ultimatum that she cease 
her mobilization. Russia refused and on 
August 1, 1914, Germany declared war on 
Russia. 

Events followed fast. The quarrel that 
started in the Balkans between the Slav 
and the Teuton was caught up by other 
nations, fed by sixty declarations of war 
and twenty-two severances of diplomatic 
relations. It spread over the entire world. 
It involved every nation of any prowess. 
It was fought on every continent in the 
world. It unloosed the hatreds smoulder- 
ing for years among nations. It grew into 
a world war. 

England, who had tried to stop Ger- 
many and Russia from entering the con- 
flict, asked Germany and France how they 
would regard the treaty of 1839, which 
preserved the inviolability of Belgium. 
France said she would respect it. But Ger- 
many mobilized and asked Belgium to give 
her entry. On August 4, Germany in- 



vaded Belgium who put up a defense for 
her sovereignty and she drove the Belgian 
army back upon Liege. The treaty of 
1839 became "a scrap of paper." 

Germany sent three armies to strike at 
France; the army of the Meuse which en- 
tered Belgium by way of Namur and Mau- 
beuge ; the army of the Moselle which vio- 
lated the sovereignty of the little Duchy of 
Luxemberg; and the army of the Rhine 
which crossed the Vosges Mountains. While 
Belgium was putting up a heroic defense 
at Liege, England was mustering her army 
and landed in Calais the forces which were 
dubbed by the Germans "England's Con- 
temptible Army." France was gathering 
her forces to defend her country against 
invasion and after several efforts both 
forces established contact and were able to 
make a concerted effort to meet the invad- 
ing hordes of Germans. The Germans 
made their way across Belgium, imposing 
the severest military terms and were mak- 
ing their way to Paris when they were 
stopped. They encountered the wall of de- 
fense at the Battle of the Marne. Here, 
in September, 1914, Generals Joffre and 
Foch halted the German dash for Paris in 
the first and second battles of the Marne, 
not twenty-five miles from Paris. The 
Germans took positions along the Aisne 
and for two years the English, French 
and Germans played for position across 
France and Belgium. In the east the Rus- 
sians advanced on Cracow and were 
stopped by the Germans under Von HJin- 
denburg, who struck at Warsaw. In the 
Balkans and Asia Minor, England sent ex- 
peditions to the Dardanelles to break the 
line which Germany wanted to hold as far 
as Baffdad. 



EUROPE IN 1914 TO 191 



13 



The English fleet stormed the Turkish 
forts but with httle success. Later the 
British met the Turks in Mesopotamia and 
captured Bagdad, a strategic point of the 
Triple Alliance. The English Navy also 
engaged in the greatest sea conflict off the 
coast of Jutland, Denmark, where the Ger- 
man fleet Avas forced to retire from the 
North Sea. 

In the Spring of 1915 the British took 
Neuve Chapelle after a battle fought amid 
barbcd-Avire entanglements and the desola- 
tion of No Man's Land. At Ypres, the 
Canadian troops met the first poison gas 
attack used by the Germans. The Genuans 
were also following up the Russian retreat, 
capturing Lublin, Warsaw, Brest-Litovsk 
and Vilna. Early in 1916 the Germans 
started their attacks upon Verdun. They 
sent wave upon wave of men against the 
the forts, but the French held against 
them. "They Shall Not Pass," said the 
French. In the Spring the Battle of the 
Somme began and Avas fought through the 
summer. On the sea Germany started her 
relentless submarine warfare. 

Feeling in this country against German 
militarism started when German v disre- 



garded the Belgium treaty and steadily in- 
creased. It was fanned by the sinking of 
the Lusitania and grew steadily stronger 
with the reports of outrages and ruthless 
warfare. Germany would not guarantee 
the rights of neutral nations to safety of 
life and cargo on the high seas, and in Feb- 
ruary, 1917, the United States broke off 
diplomatic relations with the German gov- 
ernment. This came about only after Presi- 
dent Wilson sent several notes to Germany 
in an effort to bring about peace. On 
April 6, 1917, the United States declared 
war on Germany. 

At that time, the Germans were retreat- 
ing in France. The British took Vimy 
Ridge. They also were occupying Bag- 
dad. The Russians were involved in a 
revolution and Kerensky was in charge of 
the armies at the Front. 

On the 26th of June, 1917, the first 
American doughboys landed in France. 
The war which had started in obscure vil- 
lages, the names of which many of us had 
scarcely known and often could not pro- 
nounce, was more forcefully brought home 
to all of us. 




14. 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



Activities of the Tide Water Companies 



Tide Water Sales Department 

T. J. Skidmore, Assistant Manager of the Bulk 

Sales Department, tells how we met the demands 

of the Fuel Oil Administration. 



DURING the shortage of coal the Fuel 
Administration asked the oil com- 
panies to supply fuel oil to the govern- 
ment and manufacturing plants. These 
plants were rushed with government orders 
and had to be kept going twenty-four 
hours a day, requiring, therefore, a great 
deal of fuel. The Fuel Administration 
minimized shipping waste by preventinj^; 
criss-crossing — that is, allotments for fuel 
were made to the nearest sources of sup- 
plies in each case. We, that is Tide 
Water, were allotted a great deal of busi- 
ness near at hand, and had to work night 
and day to increase our capacity for fuel 
oil. We took unusual methods in a great 
many cases to meet the demand, buying 
tank cars, bulk boats, and hiring addi- 
tional help. 

A great many battleships, torpedo boat 
destroyers and cruisers were oil burners. 
We had to supply fuel oil to an allotted 
number of government boats. The gov- 
ernment would notify us, say an hour or 
two beforehand, that they wanted so niucli 
oil at a certain warship at a definite time, 
and at the appointed hour our oil would 
be ready to bunker. To do this we were 
forced to increase our equipment of tugs 
and bunker boats and to use them twenty- 
four hours a day, putting on three shifts 
of men, as crews. We bunkered all day 
and night and won the reputation with the 



Navy of making the promptest shipments. 
During June, 1918, a flotilla of sixty tor- 
pedo destroyers came up the North River. 
We were not notified until that morning 
that they were coming in and were or- 
dered to get every available drop of oil up 
the river immediately and bunker as many 
destroyers as we could. We sent a fleet 
of seven bunker boats carrying a 
million gallons of oil, with instructions to 
their captains to hail each torpedo boat as 
they went by, ask the captain if he wanted 
any oil and if so, to supply him with all 
he needed. This flotilla left Bayonne one 
morning about 9 A. M. and was not heard 
from for three days. In the meantime we 
were very anxious to learn what they were 
doing and whether everything was going 
along in good order. We had the Navy 
Department send out wireless radios to 
their torpedo boats in the river asking for 
information concerning the Tide Water 
boats, but could not get word of any kind. 
Finally the flotilla arrived back in Bayonne 
bone dry, having delivered to the destroy- 
ers every drop of oil they carried. This is 
a remarkable record for efficiency. To 
accomplish this the crews of these boats 
had worked night and day for three days 
with scarcely any rest. 

We also supplied fuel for the ships 
on the other side of the Atlantic as well 
as for the British government. 



ACTIVITIES OF THE TIDE WATER COMPANIES 15 



Tide Water furnished gasoline and kero- 
sene in bulk quantities for ships and for 
the use of the army automobiles and trans- 
ports in France. Some of the warships 
we furnished with fuel were the U. S. S. 
Wyoming, the U. S. S. Texas, the U. S. S. 
Ohio, and other battleships, torpedo boats, 
torpedo boat destroyers, mine sweepers, 
submarine chasers, transports, bulk car- 
riers, as well as war industry manufac- 



turers. We decreased our sales of refined 
and lighter oils to increase fuel oil capa- 
city. 

Each one of us was practically at the 
command of the government at all hours 
of the day and night. This fact was 
brought home to the writer very forcibly 
when he was called for special duty one 
morning while at church — but "c'est la 
guerre — " 



How Members of Tide Water Personnel Helped 

in the Wartime Organization of the Petroleum 

Industry. 



IN ADDITION to Mr. R. D. Benson 
and Mr. Frank Haskell, who were 
members of the National Petroleum War 
Service Committee, Mr. O. P. Keeney, and 
Mr. B. D. Benson, served as members of 
the Atlantic Distribution Committee, which 
Committee was responsible for the essential 
war industries along the Atlantic seaboard, 
receiving necessary supplies of petroleum 
products. The Committee was remarkably 
successful in the performance of this task. 

At the request of Mr. A. C. Woodman, 
Director of Purchases, Lubricants and 
Foreign Requirements of the Oil Division, 
Mr. O. P. Keeney was called to Washing- 
ton for one of those dollar-a-year jobs — 
in charge of the Division of Lubricants 
and Foreign Requirements. As our Gov- 
ernment was financing the purchases of 
the Allied Governments, it was desirable 
from a financial standpoint that their pur- 
chases be made as economically as possible 
and from a strategic standpoint that their 
oil requirements be furnished as promptly 
as possible. 

Among the means employed to accom- 
plish this were the elimination of jobbers 



and brokers, the securing of competitive 
bids from a large number of refiners, in- 
sistence upon the use of specifications in- 
stead of brands, intervention for the re- 
duction in prices where justifiable. 

Mr. Keency's work was to see that nec- 
essary supplies of lubricants were avail- 
able at as low a price as possible. All 
necessary supplies were secured as needed 
without disturbing domestic conditions, 
and the following savings were known to 
have been made : 

Italian $102,010.00 

British 332,000.00 

French 1,500.00 

$435,510.00 

TIDE W^ATER BULK SHIPMENTS TO ALLIED 

GOVERNMENTS DURING WAR 

FRENCH BRITISH 

COMMISSIOX MINISTRV 

Gasoline 3,225,049 gals. 7,744,296 gals. 

Ref. oil 1,264,687 " 2,486,409 " 

Fuel oil 7,139,763.46 

The above are shipments made direct 
and do not include shipments made by lo- 
cal exporters who purchased from us. 



16 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



Tide Water Oil Sales Corporation 

The following is an interziezc with H. J. Guthrie, 

President and General Manager of the Sales 

Corporation. 



WHAT was Veedol's share in the 
work of the war? 

Briefly, we might say the services of 
our engineers and the use of our labora- 
tories were at the disposal of the United 
States Government at all times. 

Our engineers cooperated in developing 
specifications for the Government lubrica- 
tion requirements. They also did research 
work for the Bureau of Mines, Bureau of 
Standards, and the Quartermaster Depart- 
ment, developing oils suitable for aviation, 
truck, and automobile lubrication. 

Our engineers worked with Dr. Herschel 
in developing his Oxidation Oven, one of 
which was installed at our refinery. The 
purpose of this oven is to test oils under 
conditions identical to the action of the 
oil in an internal combustion engine. 

We also made a special oil for torpe- 
does, which proved very satisfactory and 
was used by the United States Torpedo 
Station at Newport, R. I. We worked 
with the Government to develop an oil for 
the extremely difficult lubrication of air- 
planes, and as a result refined some of 
the Liberty Aero Oil which was used by 
the large manufacturers of Liberty Air- 
planes. 

Our Veedol Book on Lubrication of In- 
ternal Combustion Engines was used as a 
text book in many automobile schools giv- 
ing instruction to soldiers and others who 
were to enter the Motor Transport Corps. 

Our wholesale distributors furnished 
Veedol to various army bases in their 
vicinity, both in this country and abroad. 



A proof that Veedol was a valuable 
asset in the war is the following letter 
from Engineer Lieut. Gilbert J. P. Ken- 
drick, D. S. O., X. I. S. M. I. Mech. E., 
R. N. Res. : May-My-O, Burma, 

September, 1920. 
Tide Water Oil Co.: 

I have noticed your advertisements in the 
Saturday Evening Post. This is my first 
acquaintance with this magazine. 

Your statements of tlie case against sedi- 
ment and its damage to engines is borne 
out by my experience. Veedol has been a 
great success in my tours in the war, dur- 
ing my campaigns in German Southwest 
Africa and the East, and also in Europe 
and Mesopotamia where I dealt with avia- 
tors and armoured cars. I am at present 
invalided back from Mesopotamia with 
wounds for the eighth time since 191 1. 

Have also noticed that P. M. Heldt, the 
recognized authority on internal combus- 
tion engines and author of the Gasoline 
Automobile, substantiates your statements 
about the importance of proper lubricating, 
which my Indian experience bor»^ out so 
well. Finally the Indian government and 
later the South African government got 
your Veedol in stock and it has been a 
great success in the general working of the 
following engines : aviation, armoured 
ears, river monitors, petrol boats, motor- 
cycles. It is also my knowledge that Brit- 
ish Army and Navy Staff cars have used 
your Veedol. 

I feel that I must inform you that 
Veedol has been of great service to your 
allies in this war. 

Yours faithfully, 

Gilbert J. P. Kendrick. 

Late of the South African Aziation Forces, 
Armoured Cars. Royal A'ciation Petrol Boats 
in England and Aviation in Mesopotamia and 
of the South African Government Railway and 
Harbors at Cape Toivn. 



ACTIVITIES OF THE TIDE WATER COMPANIES 



17 



Cooperage Department 

E. H. Shelley summarizes the Work of the 

Currier Lumber Corporation, the Cooperage 

Department of the Oil Company, and the East 

Jersey Railroad and Terminal Co. 



DURING the period of the war the 
Currier Lumber Corporation fur- 
nished a very large quantity of oak ship 
timber, and also supplied considerable 
quantities of cooperage material for the 
use of the barrel factory of the Oil Com- 
pany at Bayonne. 

This Bayonne factory manufactured 
containers — barrels and kegs — for a great 
variety of articles needed for the manu- 
facture of explosives and for the sus- 
tenance of our soldiers. These contain- 
ers were furnished to various producers as 
they needed them. Among the articles 



thus provided for in addition to petroleum, 
were picric acid, alcohol, lard, cooking and 
salad oils, beef, pork, syrup, pickles, 
vinegar, Worcestershire sauce, varnish, 
paints and chemicals. 

The East Jersey Railroad and Termi- 
nal Company had fully 75% of its floating 
tonnage in war service delivering fuel oil 
and gasoline direct to our Government and 
our allies both for supplies overseas and 
for transport service. The company also 
used its resources for the delivery of lard 
substitutes, salad oils and containers such 
as those above referred to. 



The Pipe Line 



A. W. Golden, President of the Tide-Water 

Pipe Company, Ltd., tells why it was necessary 

to increase their line. 



FROM 1915 to 1918 the Tide-Water 
Pipe Company, Limited, built seven 
new pumping stations, added thirty-three 
pumping engines, a total of 4810 H.P. and 
thirty oil pumps with a capacity of 258,- 
000 barrels. The Company also built 205 
miles of additional six-inch pipe line which 
increased the capacity of its trunkline 
from 10,000 barrels to 15,000 barrels per 
day, at a total cost of two and one-quarter 
million dollars. 

After the United States entered the war, 
all the Company's station employes were 
appointed as deputy sheriffs by the sheriff 
of the several counties in which the Com- 
pany has pumping stations. The regular 



watchmen and an additional watchman at 
the Oxbow Bridge were also deputized, and 
were armed and authorized by their com- 
missions to use their weapons for the pro- 
tection of the Company's property. 

Electric wires and gas lines were ex- 
tended to all the tank yards for lighting 
purposes and armed guards employed to 
protect the tanks night and day. 

Identification cards were issued to all 
employes in order to prevent unautiiorized 
persons from entering the Company's 
property. 

The total number of regular employes, 
during the war, averaged about two hun- 
dred and fifty. 



18 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



C. W. Burtis, Vice-President of our Pipe Line, 

Summarizes Liberty Loan, Red Cross, and 

Y. M. C. A. Subscriptions of Company and 

Employees. 

EMPLOYEES of The Tide- Water Pipe through the Company, also subscribed 

Company, Limited, subscribed for locally. Thus the total subscriptions of 

Liberty Loans as follows: our employees were considerably greater 

First Issue, 32 subscribers $ 2,800.00 than the figures above indicate. They also 

Second Issue, 188 subscribers 22,800.00 , i , • ^ v\, •ct. x- ™„ a 

n^u- J T r,f^, I -u .ooannnn bought War savmg and thrift stamps and 

Third Issue, 204 subscribers 23,200.00 o & f 

Fourth Issue, 225 subscribers 32,230.00 contributed generously to the various 

On the first issue most of our employees "drives" that were made during the war. 
had made their subscriptions locally, be^ In addition to subscriptions of employees 

fore the matter of subscribing through the Company subscribed liberally to the 

the company had been taken up, and in Victory Loan, American Red Cross, Y. M. 

the subsequent loans, many who subscribed C. A., United War Work Fund, etc. 

The Refinery's Activities 

J. B. Edwards, General Superintendent , remin- 
isces about the Refinery's aim and motto — - 
"To Win the War" 



AT all times 100% efficiency is the aim 
of the Management, but the recent 
war placed upon this great organization a 
burden that could only be met by the ex- 
ercise of the greatest care and extremely 
close supervision. 

Hundreds of the Tide Water boys en- 
tered the service in all its branches, a few 
received decorations from the United States 
and Allied governments for heroic eff'orts ; 
many were decorated with wounds that 
will be carried to their graves, and in the 
providence of God, some made the supreme 
sacrifice and will never again return. While 
the answer to the roll call of their names 
will be "absent" they will be ever present in 
the magnificent monument to be erected and 
dedicated at the plant here as a lasting 
evidence of sincerest aff^ection and honor 
by their fellow-workers. 



The entry of the United States into the 
war thrust upon the Company hazards and 
risks that might well make people shud- 
der. The question of labor after the loss of 
many of our skilled hands, required the 
splendid eff^orts of all connected with the 
Employment Department. It not being 
possible to secure sufficient male help, 
women and girls were emplo3^ed to take 
the places of men. The welding of these 
female workers into an efficient working 
unit was a difficult problem, but never- 
theless was successfully solved and to-day 
many of these girls are still in the employ 
of the Company. 

It is remarkable that during the entire 
period of the world war, not a strike or 
labor disturbance of any kind occurred in 
Tide Water. Every trying situation dur- 



ACTIVITIES OF THE TIDE WATER COMPANIES 



19 



ing that eventful period was manfully met 
by the Tide Water officials. 

Perhaps it will never be known just how 
much the Tide Water Oil Company con- 
tributed to the United States toward the 
winning of the war. Many a transport 
ship carrying thousands of our boys to 
the otlier side was sped on its way by fuel 
oil manufactured by Tide Water. Many 
an airship was kept in the air with Tydol 
Aero Gasoline. Many engines of every 
description was well oiled and revolved 
by our Veedol oils. Every throb of 
machinery, every turn of a pump, every 
run of a still, each and all meant 
success to the United States. 

One of the many accomplishments of 
the Tide Water was the splendid police 
system, well conceived and successfully 
carried out. No person could enter or 
leave the great Tide Water plant without 
being identified. Night was turned into 
day by the powerful electric search lights. 
The illuminating flood lights and watch 
towers, the exacting supervision by rounds- 
men, the clock and telephone reports, etc., 
attested to the fact that not one single 



thing happened to mar the record being 
made in carrying on the war to a success- 
ful issue from an industrial standpoint. 

Even the river received the attention of 
this notable police system. A motor boat 
patrol was maintained by Tide Water 
along with other industries in this section, 
over the whole length of the Kill van Kull, 
thus contributing in no small degree to the 
safety and preservation of the oil industry 
in Bayonne, without which the govern- 
ment would have been seriously handi- 
capped. 

With everything running at "break- 
neck" speed in the Refinery, with many 
"green" hands, the exigencies of war pres- 
ent ghost-like at every step, not a disas- 
trous fire, not an accident worthy of note 
— a record of which Tide Water Oil Com- 
pany may well be proud. 

Summing up the whole situation, our in- 
dustrial army here, although not subjected 
to the intense hardships and horrible sac- 
rifices of war, had the same spirit and en- 
thusiasm of our boys fighting on foreign 
battlefields — their sole aim and motto be- 
ing "Win the War." 



Liberty Loans and War Savings Stamps 



THE real ammunition of war is money. 
But for the Liberty Loans the United 
States could not have progressed far on 
the road to victory. 

Tide Water Oil Compaxy and Subsidiaries 
Liberty Loan Subscriptioxs 

cojiPANY and 

COMPANY employes EMPLOYES 

1st LoMii $L268,300.00 i$ 102,950.00 $1,371,250.00 

2nd " 559,500.00 230,550.00 790,050.00 

3rd " 529,500.00 188,450.00 717,950.00 

4th " 1,576,300.00 364,100.00 1,940,400.00 

5th " 139,500.00 295,250.00 434,750.00 



$4,073,100.00 $1,181,300.00 $5,254,400.00 



War Savings Stamps Sales 

The Tide Water Oil Company was or- 
ganized into eight War Savings Societies. 

Each society represented 100% of the 
department. Each member signed a pledge 
card and all more than lived up to their 
agreement. 

The total sale of Thrift Stamps, up to 
January, 1918, was 17,765, amounting to 
$4,441.25. The total sale of War Sav- 
ings Stamps was 666, amounting to 
$2,800.51. 



20 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



Fred H Addis 



fl Artliur L-Allen I 



Fred. Beal 



Oscar Bensor 



'*ii^ C, ) 



ftAnhurMBoothb 



After the United States Entered 
the Conflict 



THE United States Declaration of War 
meant mobilization of the entire na- 
tion. The country began to organize 
her resources on a vast scale. The Council of 
National Defense which acted as a great central 
functioning organization for all industries and 
agencies connected with the prosecution of the 
war, was formed. "Dollar a year men" — ex- 
perts of high ability — tendered their services 
freely to the government. All records were 
broken in the speed of ship building, manu- 
facture of munitions and airplanes, and the 
scientific conservation of food. Bankers led the 
Liberty Loan drives. Women were pressed into 
service with the Red Cross or Y. M. C. A. or to 
take the places of men in business of all kinds. 
The whole people worked together absorbed in 
one effort to get the American army properly 
trained, supplied, and at the front. 

June 5, 1917, was registraton day for the 
new draft army in the United States. In July 
the drawing of draft numbers for the conscript 
army began. Soon after the training camps 
began to be filled up. Here the men were put 
through a stiff course of intensive training; as 
Angelo Parella of the Tide Water Refinery put 
it, "As soon as I got in Camp they let me do 
a lot of construction of different kinds and they 
got me tired every night." Another Tide Water 
man, Angelo Rotondi, also bears witness that the 
camp life was no cinch ; "I have not many stories 
to tell," he said when we asked him for his war 
experiences, "but I worked like anything all the 
time." All hoped that this hard preparation 
would be rewarded by some real excitement over- 
seas, but some, lucky or unlucky as you choose 
to regard them, never got beyond the canton- 




/Percy EBoyer I 




James Bolt-on 




& Patrick Brannii 





AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



21 



/Thomas Y. Callaha 



flJolin H.Qiambqfl 



1 Louis Cirrilla 



INickolas Conns 



fijohn J. ConwayL 



"^y 



ments and saw no war experience outside of 
this country. "I was held in San Antonio 
some eighteen months," says Julius Stratmeyer, 
of the Sales Corporation, "and during that time 
fought only in the dances, etc., of Fort Sam 
Houston, Texas." 

However, the life was not all work and 
drudgery, and many felt as Fred Gerhardt who 
says, "It was a great life although my one re- 
gret was that I did not get overseas." 

From those who did go overseas we have 
many interesting stories. Leslie Tarhell of the 
Tide Water Oil Co. has given us an account 
of his experiences from the time he left this 
country. 

"I was in the o9th Infantry, Company A. 
We sailed for England May 16, 1918, on the 
English ship Meganic. After crossing the 
Channel escorted by submarine chasers, we 
landed in Calais about noon. The first night 
we were billeted in an English camp in tents 
about twelve feet in diameter, twelve men to 
a tent ; we had been told it was to be a rest 
camp, but it was too crowded for rest. 

"Next we traveled in box cars about thirty 
miles, then forty miles by foot until we finally 
landed at Desbres, where we were assigned to 
the English Army in support of their troops. 
For three weeks we received instructions in 
modern warfare. 

"Then we left for the rear of Chateau- 
Thierry, where we were in support of the 
French Army. It was quiet the night they 
went into action, but the next morning the 
drive started, and then the excitement began ! 
Two regiments of our division were in sup- 
port at the front; we were two miles from the 
front line, and it sounded as though the earth 
was falling to pieces. We were in line about 
three days, in which time we drove the Ger- 
mans back seven miles and were relieved by 
another American division. 

"In the meantime the French turned the en- 
tire sector over to the American Army. After 
three days' fighting our casualties were two- 
thirds of the regiment killed and wounded ; out 
of two hundred and fifty men in our company 
only seventy-five came througli uninjured. I 
was fortunate enough to be among these. 



jHarry C.Cromwdll/ 



1 Robert Ctawfordlj 



OHaroldCDavidson 



; liFred M.Dillender l0i 



T 



.^' 



22 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



Frank DoUt, 



jTheodoreDqyle; 



&trickJ.Dunph 



I ^Raymond WEdejj 



"The night of August 2nd we came to a 
large forest where we stopped for grub — horse 
meat. We had been marching all day and 
thought we were due for a rest, but got orders 
to march until about three in the morning when 
we stopped and rested. We were now in the 
front line trenches although few were aware 
of the fact as no Germans were to be seen. As 
we came out of the woods we were attacked 
by a German plane driven off by anti-aircraft 
guns. We proceeded for about one-half mile 
in the open, being spread out in artillery for- 
mation, when suddenly we were attacked by 
machine gun fire and German artillery. A few 
men were wounded, but we waited only a short 
time and continued our march. Several Ger- 
mans gave themselves up from machine gun 
nests. 

"As night fell we were more frequently en- 
tertained by shell-fire and airplane bombing. 
We had no artillery support as our artillery 
had not caught up with us. We discovered 
Germans on three sides of us, and received 
signals from airplanes to get back across the 
field, but continual German artillery bombard- 
ment prevented this. The field was constantly 
lit by flares sent up by the Germans. But 
about 7 A. M. we were able to get back due 
to heavy fog which came up. In the meantime 
we discovered that in the church steeple of 
the town below, the Germans had been giving 
signals to the German army on everything we 
were doing. In the morning after we crossed 
the field we enjoyed an army breakfast as the 
army kitchens had arrived — we had been with- 
out any food except what we had in our packs 
for a day and a half. The same fog gave a 
chance for American artillery to come in and 
place guns. Now located about two miles from 
the river Vesle, we again met with strong re- 
sistance from the Germans when we attempted 
to advance. Two of our regiments succeeded 
in crossing the river in three days. We gained 
possession of a railroad and a small French 
town. Germans had a much better position, 
being located on a steep hill over the town, 
so they could fire down upon us. 

"After several German machine gun fire and 
hand grenade scraps, we finally caught the 
Jerries in their own trap, and found three 
hundred dead. 



I'* ftv 



iGardnerB.Fasset 



1 Arthur Freeman^ 



Fred.A.Fritts 



lAlbertl.Hoxwortm 



AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



23 



H.T.Eligator 



flRichardJ.Emst 



I Lewis Edwards! 



Hugh Flynn 



|^1 John Foster 



"We had no sleep and little food for three 
days. Part of the men slept and others kept 
watch. We were later attacked by small artil- 
lery fire from the Germans, and it was at this 
time that I was wounded. I had only been 
asleep about ten minutes when they woke me. 
I didn't care so much about the wound, but I 
was sore at being waked up. I was immediate- 
ly taken back to the dressing station, and from 
there in an ambulance to an evacuation hos- 
pital, where I was operated on within a few 
hours of being wounded. The two doctors 
there had operated on one hundred and sev- 
enty-five patients in one night. The next day 
I was taken by ambulance to an American hos- 
pital in the center of France, at Chatelle 
Guion ; here I stayed until October 1st, when 
I was transferred to St. Nazaire, a French 
port, where we awaited a transport, which soon 
arrived ; so soon after we sailed for the States." 

THE first American doughboys arrived in 
France on the 26th of June, and the warm 
welcome they received was recorded by many 
photographs and movies. Sometimes they set 
sail rather unexpectedly, and usually they left 
their native shores in a hurry, but we doubt if 
there is any story to compare with a tale told by 
L. Eugene Smith of the Pipe Company : 

"A negro doughboy on sentry duty in France 
was overheard grumbling about the weather, 
Germans, and army life in general. His Cap- 
tain said, 'Sambo, what seems to be the trou- 
ble, aren't you glad to be fighting for Democ- 
racy.^ If you are not satisfied, why didn't you 
join the Home Guards?' 

"Sambo said, 'Well, suh, it's just dis way. 
I had a good position in a livery store down in 
Georgy payin' me a dollah an a haf a day. 
Long comes a slick talkin' Northern man en 
offers us niggers eight dollah-a-day jobs in 
Noo York. Well, we all went up dere an dey 
put us to loadin' boxes, 'long comes de boss en 
says, all who wants to make ten dollars a day 
step inside dis warehouse and sign up. Well, 
suh, we all stepped thru dat door en signed up, 
den dey closed dat door. What do you think 
happened den. Captain?' 

" 'Haven't any idea, Sambo.' 

" 'Well, suh, dat warehouse done sailed 
awav.' " 



fflalph Fitzpatrick||| 



Edward Finck , 



lAnsel I 



^OttoC.Gohdes 



iLewisLGraves 



24 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 








iI^ayWHatger 




ON August 11, 1917, it was announced that 
the first American Field Army was organ- 
ized and that General John J. Pershing was ap- 
pointed Commander-in-Chief of the American 
Expeditionary Force. The drawing of draft 
numbers for the American conscript army had 
begun on July 20th, so the building of America's 
military force was well under way. 

In the meantime the Russian Revolution, 
which had broken out on March 11th, had re- 
sulted in the establishment of Kerensky as 
Russian Minister of War and the abdication of 
the Czar. Under the new regime a Russian 
offensive was initiated on the first of July 
which resulted in a general retreat and failure. 
After this Kerensky became Russian Premier. 
On the 14th of July, Von Bethmann-Hollweg, the 
German Chancellor, resigned, and was succeeded 
by Dr. Georg Michaelis. 

On August 1st, the Pope Benedict XV made 
a plea for peace on a basis of no annexation, no 
indemnity, which was rejected later by President 
Wilson. 

The Italians had crossed the Isonzo and taken 
Austrian positions. Riga had been captured by 
the Germans on the 3rd of September. On the 
7th, Russia was proclaimed a Republic by Ker- 
ensky. Toward the end of the month the Turk- 
ish Mesopotamian army under Ahmed Bey was 
captured by the British. By this time the Ger- 
mans had begun the bombardment of Paris with 
their "Big Bertha," the long-range gun, which 
was seventy-six miles from Paris. 

The Americans were soon given an oppor- 
tunity to show what they could do in the battle 
line. In the latter days of May, 1918, when 
the Germans were sweeping forward with a series 
of successes, and the Allies seemed near defeat, 
the American troops had their first real fight. 
On May 28th, the Germans had reached the 
Aisne. On the following day the American 
troops captured the Village of Cantigny with 
two hundred prisoners. They had now been in 






AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



25 







Europe almost a year. They had been under 
the instruction of French and Enghsh experts ; 
here and there they had been under fire. But 
this attack at Cantigny was the first distinct 
American drive. Hitherto the American army 
had been held as a reserve force, but now it was 
hurried to the front. The main point to which 
the Americans were sent was Chateau-Thierry, 
where they immediately began to distinguish 
themselves. 

The Battle of Chateau-Thierry 

THE Germans succeeded in crossing the 
Marne on May 31st, 1918, and reached 
Chateau-Thierry, forty miles from Paris. At 
Chateau-Thierry and Neuilly the great Ger- 
man advance which had covered thirty-two miles 
was checked by the American marines and regu- 
lars. By June 30th, the American troops in 
France in all branches of service numbered 
1,019,115. It was in an aerial battle near 
Chateau-Thierry that Lieut. Quentin Roose- 
velt, son of ex-President Roosevelt, was killed. 
For the story of Chateau-Thierry, let us hear 
a first-hand report. Leonard Hill, William 
Kellner, John Henry Wood, and Capt. John J. 
Conway of Tide Water were all tliere, but Capt. 
Conway tells the story : 

"Stories that are red-blooded could be told 
of almost every man I came in contact with 
while in action, but of course, they could only 
be appreciated by those who knew the persons 
concerned. Extraordinary actions seemed to 
be the rule, not the exception. 

"America had a large part to play, and 
every man that can go off alone with his con- 
science and his God and say, no matter where 
circumstances placed him, that he did his best, 
should indeed be proud, for not only did the 
German know that in an American he faced a 
man, but also did the rest of the world. 

"The Division in which I served arrived in 
France in May, 1918, and was brigaded with 
the British. Here is where we found how seri- 
ous it had become. Their hearts seemed to be 




^^S^- 



iJarncsDKelleyH 





26 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 




(Above) 

Airplane view of vpres 




JLJC CAbovel 

ALEX COOK, 

France and Italy. 
Lieut. Cook is in 
foreground, the 
moui^tains in the 

BACK BELONGING TO 
OUR ALLIES IN THE 
ORDER NAMED. 



CLeft) 

Naval Dirigibles all set 

TO play •• I SPY" WITH FRITZ. 



AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



27 






gone. Retreat had become the first thought in 
tactics. The Boche appeared to be irresistible. 
His drives were carrying everything before 
him. He was hitting at two points : the channel 
ports, Calais and Dunkirk, which meant the 
heart of England, and his big drive on Paris 
which practically meant the downfall of 
France. These men who stood this for four 
long years felt after their valiant, vain efforts 
that nothing human could stop the Boche. Our 
spirit and cocksureness was scoffed and 
sneered at. 'Wait till you meet Jerry,' was 
what we were told. A disheartened lot indeed ! 

"It was when they were going to send our 
Division on what they termed a 'hopeless 
task,' the taking of Mont Kemmel, the key 
to the Ypres salient and the key to Calais 
(and England) they said, 'Now watch the 
Yanks get it.' The French, holding Paris, 
were in the same fix — retreat, retreat. They, 
too, finally, with a hopeless outlook thought 
they would send in some of these raw inex- 
perienced troops, as the Yanks were classed. 
It was at this time, as we were arranging our 
])lan of attack in conjunction with British 
officers that the Communique was received, 
'They are sending the Yanks in to try and 
stop the drive on Paris.' The British naturally 
could not see it. We were very anxious for 
further news. Next day we gathered anx- 
iously at Headquarters and kind of threw out 
our chests with pride as the word came in 
'The Yanks are holding at Chateau-Thierry.' 
It did seem unbelievable to these people who 
did not know the American soldier. I can see 
a British Colonel yet as he grabbed the Com- 
munique and read in silence for a moment 
and then like a man with a new lease on life, 
turned and said simply, 'Gentlemen, the Yanks 
are going forward at Chateau-Thierry ! The 
war is won.' And it was. The brightened 
looks, heads thrown back, the new spirit, the 
Boche could be stopped, he was not invincible, 
marked the new spirit. 

"Our Division went over and took the so- 
called impossible Mont Kemmel and from 
Chateau-Thierry on, the Allies never took a 
back step. The race for Berlin had begun, 
only to be stopped by the Armistice. 

"So you see everyone who made that Ameri- 
can spirit possible by a solid line-up behind 
Uncle Sam, everyone who helped equip and 






28 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 







transport and make possible that valiant, in- 
vincible force, helped stop an enemy of man- 
kind that was a menace to the world. His 
work in Belgium and France will be a monu- 
ment of barbarity for generations and the 
world can thank America for its ending." 

ON June 6th the Americans took Torcy and 
captured Bouresches, and by the 11th 
captured Belleau Wood. It was in the Belleau 
Wood battle that John Henry Foster of Tide 
Water won his D. S. C. 

After the American victory at Chateau- 
Thierry the Germans launched another drive at 
Soissons. 

Up to July 18, 1918, the Allied armies in 
France had been steadily on the defensive, but 
on that date the tide turned. General Foch, 
who had been yielding territory for several 
months in the great German drives, now as- 
sumed the offensive himself and began the series 
of great drives which was to crush the German 
power and drive the enemy from France. 

The first of these great blows was the one 
which began with the appearance of the Ameri- 
cans at Chateau-Thierry. The Germans had 
formed a huge salient of which the eastern ex- 
tremity lay near Rheims, and the western 
extremity west of Soissons. Against this salient 
the French and Americans had directed a tre- 
mendous thrust. By August 5th, the Crown 
Prince had been driven from the Marne to the 
Vesle. On August 7th, Sir Douglas Haig began 
an attack on the Lys salient, which was followed 
by a still greater Allied advance between Albert 
and Montdidier ; both met with striking success. 
Mont Kemmel was occupied on August 31st, 
and now that the Germans found their salient a 
failure they were retreating in order to extri- 
cate themselves from the position. 

By August 10th, the Germans had fallen 
back to a line running through Chaulnes and 
Roye. Montdidier had been captured and by 
August 12th, the number of prisoners was 





AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



29 



'^ /, 



IChristoplier RaisneraJl 



James J. He illy I 



I Cornelius Reilly I 



1^ S.LI\eynoldsj 



40,000. By the 18th, the Allied front was 
almost in the same line as it had been in the 
summer of 1916, before the battle of the Somme. 
Bapaume was occupied on September 29th, and 
two days later the British took Peronne. 

On the 19th of September the British ad- 
vanced into the Hindenburg line, northwest of 
St. Quentin and on the 20th, while the American 
guns were shelling Metz, the British were ad- 
vancing steadily near Cambrai and La Bassee. 
Six days later the first American army smashed 
through the Hindenburg Hne for an average gain 
of seven miles on a twenty-mile front, and finally 
reached the Kreimhilde Line. And now, be- 
tween the 30th of September and the 9th of 
October, the French captured St. Quentin and 
the British, Cambrai. 

Chateau-Thierry 

G. Vincent Williams, of the Pipe Line, 
Warren Station, Ohio 

ON the road out of Chateau-Thierry, 
By the hill where we halted the Hun, 
Near "Suicide Lane" and "Death Valley," 
Where the Boches' retreat was begun, 

There's an acre of crude little crosses, 
Where we buried Sergeant Monroe, 

And a crowd of his Comrade Crusaders 
Whose names we may never quite know. 

And some day this road will be teaming 
With pilgrims who venture to go 

To "Humanity's Holy of Holies" 

On the road by the "Bois-de-Belleau !" 

Some will be looking for brother, 

Others for father or son, 
Many for husband or sweethearts. 

Or comrade who stayed by the gun ! 

God grant they come in the Sunshine 
While the Spring flowers bloom on the 
grave 

And may they be proud of our comrades 
And glad for the gift that they gave. 




Charles I{.Hoesinger|J| 



fW) 








30 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 




GERMANY SURRENDERS !' ARMISTICE DAY 
AT RED CROSS HOSPITAL AT DARTFORD. 



AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



31 





The St. Mihiel Sector 

THE reduction of the St. Mihiel sahent was 
next undertaken by the Americans, assisted 
by certain French units. The Germans were sur- 
prised, various towns were taken possession of, 
13,000 prisoners captured. The sahent was 
wiped out, and the St. Mihiel front reduced 
from forty to twenty miles. 

Rafert H. Patteson of the Tidal Oil Co. has 
a story for us about his experience in the St. 
Mihiel sector. 

"Things went on as usual at the front near 
a place called Stump Logger until one day the 
64th Infantry called on us. We were detailed 
out in fives to carry some picks and shovels to 
them. The Captain called four privates and 
me to take some to the doughboys. He told us 
where we would find them. The tools were up 
on the side of a hill in an old dugout, two 
shovels and two picks for each. He said that 
when we came down the hill we should turn to 
the right. However, we turned left and went 
on toward the German lines. Well, we ran up 
to where it began to get pretty warm. A Hun 
plane flew over and saw us and gave the signal 
to the Hun artillery and they began to send 
over a few G. I. cans at us. We dropped our 
picks and shovels and ran to a little village a 
short distance away called St. Manies Farm 
to hunt cover. One of the boys and myself lay 
down by a stone wall. A big shell hit pretty 
close to it and threw dirt all over us when it 
exploded. There were some doughboys at this 
old farm. I saw one come around the corner 
of a building and run towards the old church 
house. I said to the boy who was with me, 'I 
believe there must be a dugout under that old 
church.' He said, 'Let's see.' Well, we started 
to run; just as we started a big shell hit a 
small building close to us. I thought my time 
had come. One boy said 'Follow me' which I 
did on the run. He went to the entrance of a 
dugout under the church. It was reinforced 
with sand bags and concrete. We were safe if 






32 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 







a shell did not hit the old church. They shelled 
the place until dark. Then we started back to 
Stump Logger. The day had been cloudy and 
rainy. On our way back we found two of our 
boys lying in an old shell hole. One of them 
was wounded in the leg by a piece of shrapnel. 

"Believe me, the next time we went out, 
night or day, we paid a little more attention to 
our directions. This little incident happened in 
the St. Mihiel Sector in the Pruveniell Woods. 

"I am home now and have a good job and I 
believe I would rather work in the Tide Water 
oil fields than be on the firing line in France." 



H 



OMER WOOD of the Dallas Osage Co. 
says: 

" 'When you are in the front line trenches, 
boys,' said our captain, 'keep your heads down 
or you'll get them shot off.' Say ! I sure did 
please that Captain." 

ANOTHER Tide Water man who writes of 
St. Mihiel, was Michael James McQuinn of 
the Sales Corporation, who was in tlie 89th Divi- 
sion. 

"The 89th Division was General Leonard 
Wood's, and because of their heroic deeds and 
their ability as a fighting division on the St. 
Mihiel Front was the only national army 
placed side by side with a national guard or 
regular army such as the 42nd Division and 
the 2nd Division of Marines, and was in the 
front line for seven weeks and then was re- 
lieved and marched to Meuse-Argonne sector 
where they were placed as shock troops which 
broke the lines on the steady front, and crossed 
the river Meuse, November 10, 1918. 

"We were to be the first wave into Ger- 
many but were so badly crippled we came in 
as the second wave. 

"The SS-ith Infantry was placed in Trier, 
Germany, as General Pershing's advanced 
guard for their ability as fighters and soldiers." 





AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



33 




3Jj 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 




/HNormanlrvinl 






The Argonne 

ST. MIHIEL had been recaptured from the 
Germans on September 14th. The next 
major engagement for the Americans was the 
Argonne. It was in the Argonne Forest that 
John La Forge found the town that is named 
for him. 

"The first town I saw in the Argonne," he 
says, "was the village of La Forge. You 
should have seen that town — oh, lady, lady ! 
There was only about one and a half houses 
standing. I figured that if the Huns would 
treat a town bearing my name so roughly that 
I was going to have a good time for a while." 

EDGAR CAMPBELL'S experience sounds 
pretty lively — 

"On October 30, 1918, our hospital No. 312 
was shelled by Germans at Apremont in the 
Argonne Forest. Many boys were hurt. Two 
were killed by shrapnel. It was inspected by 
General McRae to be reported as unlawful 
warfare to General Headquarters, Chaumont, 
France. It was the most exciting time I have 
ever had and now I know what it means to flirt 
with death. Oh, it was just an evening's pleas- 
ure. John La Forge was with us." 





AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



35 



The Last Battle 



MARSHAL FOCH'S front attacks 
toward the end of the war may be 
divided roughly into three great sectors. 
The first of these attacks was delivered by 
the French and Americans in the southern 
sector which included Verdun and the 
Argonne. 

The second was delivered by the British, 
Belgians, French, and Americans in the 
Cambrai sector. 

The third was delivered by the British, 
Belgians, French, and Americans in the 
Belgian sector on the north of the great 
battle line. 

Beginning September 18th, 1918, the at- 
tack in the Cambrai sector was immediately 
successful. On September 27th the Allies 
secured possession of the Canal du Nord 
and several villages as well as 6,000 pris- 
oners. By October 3rd, the Teutons had 

"On the night of the 30th of October, 
1918, our regiment (324.th H. F. A.) re- 
ceived orders to move back to Bar le Due 
for a two weeks' rest. We had been sup- 
porting the 26th, 29th and the 32nd Divi- 
sion northwest of Verdun since the Meuse- 
Argonne drive had started on the 26th of 
September. We had been under heavy 
shell-fire for the whole time, and we liad 
seen the 29tli Division (one of the best 
Divisions that ever wore khaki) come back 
literally torn to pieces. Theirs had been a 
hard task, driving out the Heinies after 
they had had four years in which to build 
almost shell-proof dugouts and machine 
gim nests ; but nothing could stop them. 

"After we had hiked about 30 kilometers 
to a little French rest camp back of Ver- 
dun, our orders were changed, and we 
started back up in the Argonne again to 
support the 32nd, whom we had started to 
support at the beginning of the drive. We 
moved into some abandoned German bar- 
racks in the woods, and laid there in sup- 



evacuated Lens, and on the 9th, Cambrai 
was captured by the Allies. 

In the meantime the Chemin des Dames 
and Berry-au-bac had fallen into the hands 
of the Allies. When St. Quentin itself fell 
into the hands of the French on October 
1st, it was found that the Germans had 
deported the entire civilian population of 
50,000. October 2nd saw Lille evacuated. 

Sedan, where Marshals McMahon and 
Bazaine commanding the armies of Napo- 
leon III surrendered to the King of Prussia 
in 1870, marked the last notable victory of 
the American forces in France. 

The last town to fall into American 
hands was Stenay. 

But we are fortunate enough to have an 
account of the last battle by Harold G. 
Davidson of The Tide-WaterPipeCo.,Ltd. 
It follows : 

port of the 32nd for several days. There 
had been some still fighting and the woods 
were filled with our own dead boys, and 
many dead Germans. Many hand-to-hand 
conflicts had taken place and we saw many 
dead Americans and Germans locked in 
each other's arms, where they had fought 
each other to the death. It had rained a 
great deal and the mud was up to our 
knees, so we called this place, Camp de 
Mud. 

"On the evening of the 9th, we were or- 
dered on up to the line and we started hik- 
ing about 6:00 P. M. and hiked until 4:00 
A. M. on the morning of the 10th, crossing 
the bridge at Dun sur Meuse, which had 
a day or so before been blown out by the 
Germans. The engineers had to work on 
the bridge under heavj^ artillery fire, and 
with aeroplanes swooping down every few 
minutes and emptying their machine guns 
at them, but they finally finished their 
task, and we were the first outfit over the 
bridge after it was completed. On this 



36 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



night, I saw the highest price that I ever 
lieard of paid for a bar of chocolate. We 
had noticed that one of the boys got very 
bulky letters from his wife, and we also 
noticed that George always had cigarettes 
when the rest of us were going begging. 
Along about midnight, George pulled out 
his chocolate and said, 'Oh boy, how'd you 
like to have some?' We were all crazy for 
something sweet and one of the boys said, 
'I'll give you five francs for that,' but there 
was nothing doing. The offer went to 10 
and finally 20 francs (about $4.00). He 
got the bar and said it was worth every 
cent of the money. He should worry, he 
was the best crap shooter and about the 
best stud poker player in the outfit and he 
would soon have that back. 

"It had stopped raining and had gotten 
colder, and on the morning when we 
stopped, the ground was white with frost. 
We lay down on the frozen ground and 
slept for about four hours, then got up and 
ate some sea turkey, raw tomatoes and 
hard tack, and got ready to pull into posi- 
tion. Soon the infantry went by us and we 
had a close-up of the boys we were going 
to support in a few hours. They went by 
laughing and singing and talking for all 
the world like a bunch of school boys out 
for a lark. The American doughboys were 
superb, no history can ever give them 
enough credit. Artillery is very necessary, 
but we took off our hats to the infantry. 
I had been in the infantry for eleven 
months, but operators were needed by the 
artillery, so I was transferred to Co. H, 
324th F. A. H. 

"At 11 :00 A. M. we started over the hill 
from the little town of Ecury. A large 
number of our horses had been killed and 
we had to take what horses were left from 
the second battalion and split them be- 
tween the first and third. As soon as we 
reached the brow of the hill, the Jerries 
made a very warm reception for us, and 
from 1:00 P.M. until 9:00 P.M. they 
made us feel that we were not out on any 
picnic. We got our guns laid at 10:30 P.M. 
and started firing and from that time 
until 10:00 A.M. on the morning of the 
11th, things were humming. Then we got 



orders to stop firing. Now we had heard 
rumors that there was to be an armistice 
signed or rather one to go into effect at 
1 1 A. M. that morning, but we thought it 
was all bunk, and we all felt that it was 
too good to be true; when we ceased 
firing we all looked at each other in aston- 
ishment. Everything was deathly still for 
a few minutes and then the Dutch opened 
up on us again, and killed one of our chap- 
lains and some more of the boys. We tele- 
phoned this information to headquarters 
and the General said, 'Give 'em hell, boys, 
send over ten for every one of theirs.' 
Well, we did. The boys tried to shoot awaj' 
all their ammunition. At 1 1 : 05 A. M. we 
stopped firing again and the war was fini. 
The Stars and Stripes, the official A. E. F. 
newspaper, gave us credit for firing the 
last shot along the American front. 

"The French that were near us were 
having a great time, kissing and hugging 
each other, laughing and crying at the 
same time. We gathered up all the powder 
and everything inflammable that we could 
find and that night we had a celebration. 
Talk about your 4th of July. Oh, Boy ! 
After we had shot all the signal rockets we 
could find, burned all the powder that came 
to our hands, we built huge bonfires and 
sang and talked until late in the night. 
That night instead of lying down in the 
cold mud, we pitched out tents around the 
fires, and went to sleep with a joy in the 
knowledge of a job well done. 

"We stayed here for several days and 
went hunting — for cooties. We got new 
clothes and shoes, and made ourselves as 
presentable as possible. Major-General 
Hahn, then in command of the 32nd Divi- 
sion, came over and made a speech to the 
officers and non-commissioned officers of the 
regiment and told us he was proud of us 
and said that we were soon to start hiking 
for Germany, as part of the Army of 
Occupation. We crossed the border of 
Luxembourg and when Thanksgiving 
came, it found us at a little villaf!:e called 
Boudler, about 15 kilometers from the city 
of Luxembourg. At 2:30 P. M. on the 1st 
day of December, we crossed the German 
border, following right on the heels of the 



AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



37 



vanquished Huns. We had many expe- 
riences on the hike, but space does not 
permit me to go into details, for if I did 
the Topics would look like a history of 
'Pershing's March to the Rhine.' 

"On the 14th of December, we crossed 
the Rhine above Coblenz, singing, 'Hail ! 
Hail ! the Gang's All Here !' and we were 
very, very happy, for after hiking several 
hundred miles on two meals a day, mainly 
'corned willie,' sea food and hard tack, 
with many of the boys nearly walking in 
their bare feet, we felt that we deserved a 
long, long rest with plenty of good chow 
and a chance to grow fat. Yours Truly 
had lost 40 pounds on the hike. At the 
end of the hike, I had trained down to 165 
— in 40 days. We hiked about 30 kilo- 
meters back from the Rhine and started 
doing outpost duty along the neutral zone, 
which divided our Army from the German. 
We billeted with German families. 

"On January 1, in compliance with Gen- 



eral Pershing's orders, every regiment in 
the A. E. F. started a Regimental show. 
Being able to warble a little, I was picked 
to lead a quartette and from that date, 
until the 15th of May, stood no formations. 
Our task was to amuse the timers at the 
game, being from Ringlings, Keiths, Fields, 
Vogels and the like. We had some fine 
music and eleven acts of vaudeville. We 
were outfitted with three White trucks to 
travel in, and to carry our make-up, etc., 
and we traveled anywhere from 15 to 60 
kilometers, practically every night, to put 
on our show, in cafes, barns or theatres, 
anywhere there was an American unit. 

"On the 22nd of April, we trailed out of 
Coblenz in box cars with a three-day trip 
ahead of us to Brest, France. On the 10th 
of May, we sailed for Home. What a won- 
derful place ! We had seen England, 
France, Belgium, Luxembourg and Ger- 
many, but we wouldn't trade our back- 
yard at home for the whole shebang." 



The Armistice 



COMPARATIVELY sudden, to those 
who did not know conditions, was the 
final collapse of the Teutonic alliance. 
Bulgaria and Turkey first gave way, then 
Austria-Hungary deserted. At last the 
Kaiser and his advisors appealed to the 
Allies, through President Wilson, for an 
Armistice during which peace terms could 
be negotiated. President Wilson referred 
the German appeal to Marshal Foch. 

A false alarm of peace — in the shape of 
a cabled message to the effect that the 
Armistice had been signed, received in this 
country on November 7th — set the whole 
nation celebrating. For twenty-four hours 
New York city was turned topsy-turvy by 
wild festivities. Strangers embraced on 
Fifth Avenue; flags waved from every 
window; whistles, horns, klaxons of every 
description noisily vented the enthusiasm 
of excited New Yorkers. Every variety of 



white paper or cloth was seized upon by 
some celebrator to wave from the window, 
or better, to throw down to the revellers 
on the pavements below. A pandemonium 
of excitement reigned ; the air was filled 
with cries of "Peace ! Peace !" And all the 
wide country rejoiced. Similar scenes 
were taking place in all the cities of the 
nation. 

And yet it was only a false alarm. The 
following day the report came that the fes- 
tivities were premature. Good-naturedly, 
people laughed at their over-optimism, and 
waited for the true report, resolved not 
to be fooled by the cry of "Wolf !" again. 

On November 11, 1918, the Armistice 
was signed, and as they were convinced of 
the truth of this official report, the Ameri- 
can people again broke forth with undi- 
minished enthusiasm, into a celebration of 
{Concluded on Page 56) 



88 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 




AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



39 



More of Our Boys' Experiences 



OUR boys have told us many interest- 
ing- stories, and while space does not 
provide for our telling all of them, here 
are a few : 

Where a few hours made a lot of differ- 
ence — in the fast work of army and navy 
competition : 

L. Eugene Smith tells that when the 
transport had docked safely in the little 
French port and the sailors had been 
granted shore liberty, they being fast 
workers had taken the town, visited the one 
cafe, and succeeded in adding to the pretty 
French waitress's vocabulary a line of 
American slang. 

A few hours later a doughboy from the 
transport dropped into the cafe and was 
seen diligently studying a French-English 
dictionary and the waitress. Finding what 
he wanted he called her over and said, 
"Embrace moi" (meaning "give me a 
ki^s"). She seemed confused and ex- 
claimed, "Doughboy, where you get zat 
stuff?" He slammed his dictionary on the 

table, exclaiming, "Oh, H I just knew 

those sailors were ashore first." 

Perhaps Edward William Hansen of 
the Dallas Osage Co. felt as did the man 
in his story. 

"In line for inspection, an Oklahoma 
private a little late failed to fall in. Cap- 
tain questioned our honorable private, ask- 
ing; him, 'Where in do you belong?' 

The answer was, 'I belong in Oklahoma, 
by gosh !' " 

Tony Pullesa was drafted and sent over- 
seas. One day, because of his awkwardness, 
he was kidded by his lieutenant. 

"What did you do before you joined 
up?" asked the officer. 



"Playa da music, and de monk, he col- 
lecta da mon." 

"Why did you join the army, then?" 
"I no join. I was draft." 
"And what became of your monkey?" 
"Oh, dey make a lieutenant out of heem." 

E. H. Walther, of the Sales Corporation, 
heard this : 

1st Private — Do you remember old Cap- 
tain Brown? 

2nd Private — Yes, what's new about 
him? 

1st Private — Well, I just heard that he 
was hit by a whizz-bang which knocked 
out all his brains. 

2nd Private — Poor devil ; where was he 
buried? 

1st Private — Buried be ; he's in the 

War Office now with the rest of the bunch. 

Getting a Detail. 

William Johnson, one of our messengers 
in the oil company, gives us a description 
of detail. 

"For the benefit of those who are not 
familiar with what is meant by the word 
detail (I found that my hardest proposi- 
tion, being a sergeant) — a detail gener- 
ally consists of getting any number of 
soldiers together. As this is not always 
pleasant work, I adopted a little scheme 
to get my details while mess was being 
served. That, you know, is the time to 
judge whether a man is sick or not. But 
even then, some would complain of being 
crippled in some other way so that they 
may (as the saying is) 'Duck a detail.' " 

A tale from Douglas McPherson of the 
Sales Corporation, shows that luck is all 
a matter of viewpoint, anyway. 

"We had been through a long siege of 
disagreeable trench duty and had been 



40 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



promised a prolonged rest, but although 
only out two days, the front line became 
stormy and we were ordered up. As the 
weather was bad and prospects of very 
dirty conditions were ahead of us, every- 
body was in an unpleasant frame of mind. 
We proceeded through the dark over the 
old trenches taken from 'Fritz' towards the 
front line we were holding. Suddenly I 



saw a man fall in trying to step across a 
trench and so detailed a sergeant to see 
that assistance was rendered if necessary 
and have the man rejoin our company. 

"Some time afterwards the sergeant 
came up, but minus his man, so I asked 
him what became of the man. He re- 
sponded, 'The lucky son-of-a-gun ! He 
broke his leg!' " 



Filter Plant Historian Champions his Boys 



AS the boys from the Filter Plant will 
not say anything about the war, it 
behooves me to tell you the part they 
played. 

In April, 1917, when this country de- 
clared war on Germany, there were thirty- 
two men employed at the Filter Plant. Six- 
teen went to war, which is a fifty-fifty basis. 
They all returned ; some of them went 
through what Sherman said war was. They 
were in every branch of the service: down 
in a submarine, up in an aeroplane, on the 
water in a sub-chaser, with the gas hounds, 
in the engineers, with the pioneers, in the 
medical division, and holding the trenches 
with the 3rd, 29th, 32nd, 77th and 78th 
divisions, holding the line on the Marne in 
July, 1918, with the 38th United States 
Infantry. (From the report in the Jour- 
nal Official). The 38th Infantry, under 
Col. U. G. McAlexander, on July 15, 1918, 
being attacked on its front and outflanked 
on its right and left, was faithful to orders 
and maintained its position on the bank 
of the Marne. Despite all, it threw back 
the superior numbers of the enemy, on the 
battlefield at Fismes, at St. Mihiel, at 
Argonne Forest, and at Meuse-Argonne. 

Fred Fritts, who before this war, had 
served eight years in the navy, sailed away 
on a submarine for European waters and 
when he arrived off the Irish coast, he 



thought he would meet friends ; but he soon 
found that an American submarine had no 
friends off the Irish coast. Every boat on 
the waters was his enemy. When his sub- 
marine came up for air, some Yankee de- 
stroyer would fire a shot or drop a depth 
bomb at him. If there was no Yankee 
about, then a French or English boat would 
try to hit him. So he very seldom saw the 
sunshine. Their only chance was to come 
up at night and look at the stars. His 
wife and three children are proud of him 
too. 

Bob Crawford, who just got back from 
the border with the old 4th Regiment, N. J. 
National Guards, went down South to get 
in trim for the big job. His regiment was 
cited twice for bravery in the Argonne 
Forest, and he was one of the few men in 
his company that was not wounded. His 
two children are proud of their Dad. 

Paul Allen, arrived at Allentown, Pa., 
for his training. In two months he was 
on his way for France. He served with 
the French army, and for his daring and 
bravery received the Croix de Guerre on 
the battlefield. He arrived home in Juh^ 
1919, and for reasons better known to him- 
self, instead of accepting his old position at 
the Filter Plant, accepted one as salesman 
in the Tide Water Sales Department. He 
is one man that I know can stop any auto 



AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



41 



on the road, make the owner drain out his 
gas tank, fill it up with Tydol, set the car- 
buretor, and make the car get more miles 
on a gallon than it ever got before. 

Phil. Hickey, one of three brothers, 
two of whom were wounded, saw service in 
France. Phil, was one of the first to reach 
France and spent many months at replace- 
ment camps, bringing replacements to the 
front. Paris and its surroundings had be- 
come so familiar to him that he had to look 
upon all France as a wonderful place. It 
took the battle of Argonne to change his 
opinion, for the very first day that he went 
as a replacement to the 32nd Division, a 
German machine gun bullet pierced his 
right shoulder sending him back to the hos- 
pital for three months. 

Handsome Bill Kellner would have 
reached a higher office if he had attended 
school, instead of promenading down the 
Boulevard with the French mademoiselles. 
However, he found time to take part in the 
battles of St. Mihiel and Argonne Forest. 
His regiment was twice cited for bravery. 

Joe Hamilton went in training in camp, 
but his wife and child decided his place was 
at home, and as two of his brothers were 
in the army, the commander sent him back. 
His life in the army was cut short. 

Bill McCole first went to Washington, 
D. C, for his training. He was there when 
the old town went dry, December 1, 1917. 
He wrote back to the Filter Plant and told 
us not to vote dry, so you see we got the 
Governor of New Jersey working for us 
trying to make New Jersey wet. He was 
at the battles of Mame, St. Mihiel, Ar- 
gonne Forest, and Meuse-Argonne, and 
after November 11, 1918, went through 
part of Germany with the army of occupa- 
tion. His regiment was cited for bravery. 

James J. Dwyer, who for five months 



was never out of the range of Fritz's gun, 
was in the regiment that General Pershing 
gave the most praise in his oflicial report. 
The thirty-eighth infantry was cited six 
times for bravery. He went through the 
battles of the Marne, Fismes, St. Mihiel, 
and Argonne Forest. On October 15, 
1918, he was wounded in six places by 
shrapnel. You can't keep a good man 
down, and Jim is now as well as ever. 

Edward Dwyer, in his flying boat off the 
coast of Ireland, had the pleasure of having 
a hand in making a German U-boat sui*- 
render and also in sinking another one. 

Eddie Finch says that it was a great 
war while it lasted ; anyway, it was the only 
war he ever had. Perhaps he would have 
enjoyed it more if he had stayed in it, 
instead of letting the Boche shoot him up 
in his first battle at St. Mihiel. 

Joe Geraghty was in the off^ensive at 
St. Mihiel, Argonne Forest, and Meuse- 
Argonne. He went over the top seven times 
in a week and came through without a 
scratch. It was rumored that Joe had 
been a long distance runner at one time, 
so the training he received in his younger 
days must have been the cause of his being 
able to lead his squad so close on Fritz's 
heels. His regiment was cited twice for 
bravery. 

Pat Brannick, was right behind the boys, 
picking them up as they fell from Heinle's 
bullets, and carrying them back to the 
medical ward to get fixed up. He made one 
trip too many ; that was after November 
11. He made a trip to Ireland and picked 
up a wife, then back to France he goes. 
He has not seen her since, but as soon as 
the next boat arrives from the Emerald 
Isle she will be on board and Paddy will 
be happy. 



42 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



Tom Hogan kept his eye on the coast 
in a sub-chaser No. Ill, from Maine to 
Virginia. 

James Bolton, in the Pioneers, cleared 
the way for the infantry and kept them 
suppHed. He was the last man who 
arrived back at the Filter Plant. 

Sweeney and O'Donnell were training in 
camp and then came November 11. 

They all found that there was no place 
like home. They are all back at the Filter 
Plant except Paul Allen, and he is working 
for the Tide Water Sales Department. We 
are glad to have them back, and are proud 
of the record they made. They all did a 
man's job. They had some good times in 
camp and they had some hard times in No 



Man's Land, and there were weeks at a 
time when they heard nothing but the noise 
of the German shells and the drum of their 
own artiller}'. 

We had the honor of sending the first 
man to war from the Tide Water Oil Com- 
pany on April 7, 1917, in the person of 
F. A. Fritts.* Not being content unless 
we finished the job. we also have the honor 
of sending the last man from the Tide 
Water Company to trim Kaiser Bill. He 
left us on Armistice Day, November 11, 
1918. 

Filter Plant Historian, 

Dan Sweeney. 



*Arnold Mathis of the Oil Company also claims this 
honor. They have not yet settled their controversy 
to our knowledge. 



TOPICS was popular in France, ac- 
cording to Oscar Benson, of the 
Pipe Line: 

"A few numbers of the Tide Water 
Topics were forwarded to me in France. 
No magazine or paper in the A. E. F. was 
read more thoroughly or with more in- 
terest than those numbers." 

A shipmate of William F. Brooks of 
the Sales Corporation had the right idea 
of a practical prayer. 

"During a heavy blow, out at sea, one 
of my shipmates was taken suddenly sea- 
sick and in the depths of his misery de- 
livered up this supplication: 'Lord, oh, 
Lord, bring this here ocean to attention.' " 

Frederick Heussler of the Tide Water 
Oil Sales Corporation found Yankee slang 
even in Germany. 

"While guarding German prisoners I 
espied one of them with a nice Waltham 
watch. Being anxious to get a souvenir, 



I made certain gestures about buying the 
watch. He answered me in this manner, 
in perfect American lingo, 'Hey, how do 
you get that way.''' 

"After further questioning I found out 
he was an ex-bartender and had worked on 
Sixth Avenue, New York City." 

"When we left St. Yser on S, S. Finland, 
the question was how many days before 
we get to God's country. About six days 
out we got near the Azores, when one of 
our stars said, 'Gee, I never thought we 
would hit the States in such quick time !' " 

"My company got aboard the Adriatic 
at 40th Street, North River, and most of 
the boys had never visited New York, so I 
thought I would explain all about our won- 
derful sky line. When we had gone far 
enough out to get a good view one of the 
boys spoke up, 'Say, Fred, you can't see 
much of New York, them tall buildings are 
in the way.' " 

Fred J. Gerhardt, of the Sales Cor- 
poration, says : 

"I entered the United States Army 
May 25, 1918, and was transported to 
Camp Hancock, Ga. Before I was drafted 



AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



43 



I told my friends that I would come back 
a General or some other officer. 

"Well, my dreams did not come as true 
as I expected, as after serving two months 
in the 42nd Machine Gun Company I was 
appointed Corporal and within another 
month and a half became Sergeant. After 
this promotion I said to myself, 'Well, kid, 
you now have to go a little further,' and 
when two months more had elapsed my 
commander came up to me and said, 'Serge, 
I am now going to make you Supply 
Sergeant.' 

"I must also give my wife a little credit 
as on my return from the army, January 2, 
1919, when I came home she presented 
me with a pretty little five-months' baby. 

"This is about all I can tell you of my 
experience. It was a great life, although 
my one regret was I did not get overseas." 

"Boys will be boys" and "nnen will never 
grow up" ; this probably explains the fol- 
lowing story of the lure of the jam-pot 
told by Percy Boyer — messenger for the 
Tide Water Oil Company: 

"Jam is a luxury unsurpassed at the 
front. Therefore, dear reader, you can un- 
derstand what it means to lose a can. 

"It was a well known fact that the cap- 
tain of Company 'K' had three plump, 
juicy cans of jam reposing upon his pillow 
(which was a steel helmet). The tempta- 
tion was really great and the boys decided 
to taste the rare treat. 

"At that time Company 'K,' a unit of 
3rd Battalion, 367th Infantry, was situated 
in the Argonne Forest, ready to duck into 
a gas mask at the first sound of a klaxon 
horn, tingle of the triangle, or the yell of 
'Gas ! Gas !' 

"The evening passed without disturb- 
ance. As there were not any orders to 
move, the boys rolled up in their blankets, 
fully dressed, gas mask two inches from 
the face. Quiet reigned supreme. The 
leaves stopped falling despite the fact that 
it was October. Suddenly about 12 P. M. 
came the deathly yell, 'Gas ! Gas ! Gas !' 

"In less than six seconds (the time re- 
quired to put a mask on), every soldier was 



in his mask awaiting orders. The captain, 
every inch a soldier, his face buried in his 
mask, was moving around among his men 
to see that all were in readiness. At the 
same moment a distinguished gentleman of 
honor thought it best to rig up some kind 
of protection for the three poor cans of jam 
— they would surely be destroyed by the 
deadly fumes of phosgyene. So he put them 
in a hole which was prepared for them 
earlier in the evening. 

"The captain, after testing for gas sev- 
eral times and not finding any because 
there never was any, gave the order 
'Gas Mask May Be Removed.' On going 
back to his bunk of blankets and nice hard 
dirt, he must surely have discovered the 
loss of the three precious ones. It was 
never learned whether he made a vow to 
punish the company or not. At any rate, 
he never looked the same. Next morning, 
the boys, afraid to keep the jam for fear 
of being detected, gave it into the keeping 
of the chaplain. He was a soldier, too, and 
the jam disappeared again!" 

More zeal than skill was Paul V. Allen'' s 
difficulty we infer. 

"Just to prove that there is more to 
fighting a war than guns and powder, I'll 
tell a short story of how this was brought 
home to me. A shell killed both cooks in 
an outfit one night while we were up, with- 
out destroying the field oven. Some one 
had to cook, so I took over the job until we 
could get another cook. We had a bag of 
rice about, so I filled a dixie three-fourths 
full of rice, poured on some water and 
put it in the oven. If any women read this 
they know the answer now. I didn't until 
the oven door opened itself, due to the fact 
that said rice swelled to the extent of more 
than filling the oven. Later I learned that 
I had used a week's rations for one meal, 
which shows that all men can't fight, and 
if you can do a job well in time of war 
you are as much help toward winning the 
war as if you were in the trenches. But 
I'm no cook!" 



4^ 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 





-Trtey CALL 'e/vN "f^Spt^rV tMsose rHeVx^Ke= 
















-riFffe'n'op''wHrN Yoo A^K^P Foa A pas5»-vamo w^eN he said''V£s!* 




AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



45 










WHO won THE w^f^9 




Looie;-H«^/, tm'is is 
, .'He oF^iccRSpetK. 

yoo CANT BE SeA&IC^^ 

Pock*.— on, 



French kids 



"BooK5 ^=!oo. 

Soi-oieas" 



Thf Weapons of am 0Ff«C6w' 
^AiNiHG CAroP 




-^13 Sort opthinq always 

16N0ED Yo POT YOO AT gAEE- 



46 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



It was Mr. Walther again who told us 
this one: 

1st Buck Private — "Say, pal, I want you 
to give me five dollars." 

2nd ditto— "What for?" 

1st Private — "It's a subscription to bury 
the Quartermaster." 



2nd Private — "Here, take fifteen and 
bury the Sergeant Major with him!" 

James J. Riley of the East Jersey Rail- 
road & Terminal Company has the right 
idea of a pithy short story : 

"The best story I can tell is that it is 
great to be home once more." 



1^ I " ■■ 



This sailor knew what he wanted, anyway, and that's more than many of us do. 

A Sailor's Prayer 



Now I lay me down to sleep, 

I pray the Lord my soul to keep. 

Grant no other sailor take 

My shoes and socks before I wake. 

Lord, guard me in my slumber. 
And keep my hammock on its number; 
May no clews or lashings break. 
And let me down before I wake. 

Keep me safely in Thy sight. 
And grant no fire drill to-night. 
In the morning let me wake. 
Breathing scent of sirloin steak. 



God protect me in my dreams, 
And make this better than it seems. 
Grant the time may swiftly fly, 
When myself shall rest on high, 

In a snowy feather bed 
Where I long to rest my head. 
Far away from all these scenes. 
From the smell of half done beans. 

Take me back into the land, 
Where they don't scrub down with sand. 
Where no demon typhoon blows. 
Where the women wash the clothes. 



Father, Thou knowcst all my woes, 
Feed me in my dying throes, 
Take me back, I promise then. 
Never to leave home again. 



AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



^7 



Reward of Faithful Service 

N. B. Streit 



WHEN the last December issue of 
Tide Water Topics reached the 
Central Division office, a number of the 
boys were in from the road and with much 
interest they all glanced through the wel- 
come visitor. Unfolding the large picture 
displaying the faces of old employes who 
had been with the Company for a period 
of twenty-five years or longer, naturally 
brought a lot of comment, and during the 
discussion the following incident which 
happened about a year ago came to my 
mind. 

Shortly after the armistice was signed, 
a request came into our office for our rep- 
resentative to call at the Government Ar- 
senal, Rock Island, Illinois, as they had 
had some lubrication trouble with a new 
type of tank — about one Imndred of which 
they were completing on a final order. 

Upon my arrival there, I found a Sec- 
ond Lieutenant of the Engineering Depart- 
ment. He seemed to be exceptionally glad 
of my coming and after a few minutes' 
talk on oil he stated that he himself, prior 
to the war, had been an employe of the 
Tide Water Oil Company in the capacity 
of foreman, when this company was laying 
their pipe line through Illinois. 

The Lieutenant spoke with highest 
praise and admiration of the Tide Water 
Oil Company and then told of his father. 



who had also been employed by the Com- 
pany. "My father," said he, "had worked 
for your Company some twenty-odd years 
and after he had reached a certain age 
thought he would retire. About two 
months after he had resigned, he received 
a letter from the Company asking him to 
call at the office at his convenience. He 
could not imagine why they wished to see 
him, but nevertheless he did as they re- 
quested. To his great surprise he was 
told that on account of his long and 
faithful services rendered the Company, 
he would receive a monthly pension of 
$50.00 and was further handed a check 
for two months' pension since resigning." 

•I do not believe it necessary to repeat 
here all the good things the Lieutenant had 
to say about our Company. Suffice it to 
say that when I went to see the purchas- 
ing agent, he accompanied me. The pur- 
chasing agent called my attention to the 
fact that Veedol was considerably higher 
in price than the oil they were then using, 
but the Lieutenant spoke up and said the 
oil they were using had just ruined one 
of their new 300 H.P. motors, and sug- 
gested that they try Veedol. 

The order was secured, and what is 
more, we are still receiving orders from 
Government Arsenal, Rock Island, Illinois. 



48 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



Passed by the Censor 

J'iolette liey, now qf Topics Stqff 



PRACTICALLY the only unanimous 
nominees for the "noose" were second 
looies, cooties — 'and the "Censor". 

Did you rave when your mail was held 
up because business correspondence, con- 
firmation of cables and personal letters had 
to be examined? If you did, then think 
this one over: out of the nineteen bureaus 
from which Uncle Sam got his information, 
nearly half came from the Postal Censor- 
ship, and it was of inestimable value to 
the United States and Allied Governments. 

During the war and before becoming a 
member of the Tide Water family, I trans- 
lated foreign languages for the Postal Cen- 
sorship. So came along and let's peek 
through the well guarded door of a certain 
government building in New York City. 

There we see a multitude of men and 
women, speedily opening, examining and 
re-sealing the letters that come to them 
from trucks lieaped high with large canvas 
mail bags. Mixed with the rustle of paper 
is the clang of metal that rises from the 
racks on which hang the foreign mail bags, 
and into which the Post Office men toss the 
packages and letters. 

When we move closer we note the Censor 
weapon of attack is the humble kitchen 
knife (how war docs bring out hidden 
worthiness), a stack of the familiar 
"Opened by Censor" labels, a moistener, 
and individual rubber stamps "Passed by 
Censor No. — ," and pink and green slips, 
the latter reading "The following enclosure 
was missing when opened by the Censor." 

Most likely you think of the Censor as 
having the "Life of Reilly" just passing 
the day by reading other people's letters. 



but it zcasnt. Efficiency was tlie watcli- 
word. We were under very strict discipline. 
The warning whistle was blown two min- 
utes before nine, another at nine and if we 
had not given our number to the time- 
keeper by that time, a half hour was de- 
ducted from our vacation. The same per- 
formance was repeated at noon. Days of 
absence were also deducted from that pre- 
cious two weeks' vacation, so that by the 
time Summer arrived, many of us had 
barely any vacations left and some owed 
the Government a few days. 

Along with discipline we got caustic 
mention in many letters, as oftentimes the 
writers (maybe you did yourself) would 
refer to us with painful clearness of expres- 
sion ; so it wasn't all roses. 

In one department the trade mail was 
handled. What company does not remem- 
ber the Enemy Trading List with its daily 
additions and removals.'' No communica- 
tion whatsoever could be sent to anyone 
whose name appeared on this list. 

A large proportion of the letters were 
written in foreign languages so j)ractically 
every one employed translated from one 
to forty-six languages. The Censors came 
from everv state in the Union. Some were 
natives of foreign countries who had become 
citizens of the United States and thtv rej)- 
resented every walk of life. One of the 
Censor's greatest trials was reading the 
abominable handwriting especially "those 
letters from Spain." The Spaniards have 
a habit of beginning their letters on any 
part of any page. When the four pages 
are covered, to economize, thev turn the 
paper and write crosswise. T^ndenvood 



AFTER THE T\ S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



49 



aiul Rc'iiiiiigtoii must inean nothing in tlair 
lives, as nearly all business letters are writ- 
ten by hand ( tj^pewriter exporters take 
note). Many of the addresses on foreign 
letters were really amusing; for instance, 
one addressed to "Senores Made in Brook- 
lyn" — that was all. Apparently the writer 
had seen an ad and copied what he thought 
was the address. Another very common 
one was — ^"The American Consolation" for 
The American Consulate. Another — 
"General De Livery" for General Delivery. 
A few extracts from letters received by 
the War Risk Lisurance were treats: 

.lust a line to let you know that I am a 
widow and four children. 

You ask for my allotment numbir. I 
have three i)oys and two girls. 

I have a four months' old bal)y and he 
is my only support. 

I received my insurance polisji and have 
since removed my Post Office. 

I am his witV and only air. 

Extracts from a boy's letter: ''I am 
writing with the ])iano playing in my uni- 
form." 

Please return my marriage certificate, 
bai)y has not eaten in three days. 

Please send nie a wife's form. 

Please let me know if .Tolin has put in 
an application for a wift' and child. 



As for 3'our love letters, don't worry. 
They were such common occurrences that 
we considered them quite monotonous, and, 
for the most part, uninteresting. If you 
wrote to your beloveil in cipher, do you 
think for a moment that it got by the 
Censor.'' Your letter was delayed that 
much longer for it had to be passed to the 
cryptographer and carefully deciphered, 
and the chances are that it took you longer 
to write it than the censor to decipher it. 

Then there was the Book and Newspaper 
Division where periodicals and books from 
foreign countries were looked through. 
Then the Parcel Post, containing really 
more humorous incidents than any other 
branch. 

After the Armistice there was instituted 
what we termed "Firing Day." It oc- 
curred twice a month and continued until 
the entire force had been released. We 
had worked hard, but, luilike the pro- 
verbial village gossip, we felt that we had 
profited by our legitimate prying into 
people's affairs. After our experience in 
the Censorship and the insight it gave us 
into men's methods in "affaires d'amour" 
nearly all we girls decided on life member- 
ship in the already crowded Bachelor Girls' 
Clubs, but some have already been dis- 
qualified for the}' found a "he" who passed 
censorship. 



50 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



The Red Cross 

'The quality of mercy is not strained, 
It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven 
Upon the place beneath: it is twice blessed: 
It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes:" 



THE miles and miles of bandages and 
other hospital supplies used in France 
had to be provided by the Red Cross. 
Red Cross chapters were speedily organ- 
ized in all the cities and towns and villages 
of the United States. Many a dressing 
that played its vital part in France was 
made in a little room labeled "Red Cross 
Workshop," located in an obscure, rural 
district, several thousand miles from the 
battle front. 

Practically all the energy which the 
American women had been diverting into 
various charitable and social activities was 
pooled into this stupendous channel of the 
Red Cross. They turned out all kinds of 
surgical dressings, also hospital garments, 
comfort kits, and trench necessities. 

Every fourth man, woman and child 
joined some chapter of the American Red 
Cross and contributed to the $300,000,000 
fund which was raised. But this record 
was far exceeded by the Tide Water Com- 
panies, which had a 100% membership. 

In the Industrial Campaign of the Red 
Cross Drive, Mr. R. D. Benson served on 
the Committee for the Oil Division. Mr. 
Benson appointed Mr. F. S. Turbett, Mr. 
C. W. B. Fisher and Miss E. W. Chase to 
assist him. 

A quota of $13.52 for each employe 
was established and each company assessed 
accordino;ly. The Oil Trade Division turned 
$52,046.75 into the Red Cross Treasury, 
exceeding its allotment by $4,946.75. 
From Tide Water alone came $5,277.00. 

During the Drive our halls and offices 
were decorated with posters. Pledge cards 



were passed around, telephone booths were 
plastered, literature of all kinds carried 
the appeal. Everywhere was the sign of 
the Red Cross. Practically everyone wore 
the Red Cross button- — the evidence of de- 
tailed canvassing. 

The Veedol Team of the Wall Street 
Auxiliary gave a patriotic concert to raise 
money for an Ambulance Fund. This con- 
cert was held in the old John Street Church, 
New York Citv, on a Saturday afternoon 
and was well attended. The net proceeds 
amounted to $500, the largest contributed 
by any of the Red Cross auxiliaries work- 
ing for the Ambulance Fund. 

The talent consisted of some of New 
York's best musicians, among them the 
Rubinstein Club Chorus. James T. Tom- 
linson offered the services of his Boy Scout 
Fife and Drum Corps most of whom were 
Tide Water boys. 

Three hundred and one dollars were 
donated for the Ambulance Fund and the 
rest was used to make woolen outfits for 
the boys at Fort Jay and also to send 
them boxes of goodies consisting of 
oranges, apples, cakes, candies and 
tobacco. 

Mrs. Lillian Andrews of the Veedol 
Credit Department was largely responsi- 
ble for the success of this concert. 

The Veedol team also marched in the 
Red Cross parade down Fifth Avenue at 
the head of the Oil Trade Division and 
they carried the Tide Water flag bearing 
three hundred and twenty-five blue service 
stars and four gold ones. It was the only 
business flag carried in the whole parade. 



AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



51 



The American Red Cross Was a Mother to Him 



Edxcard H. iSti/rin 



WHILE stationed at Boulogne, the 
British Hospital Base, by chance I 
discovered that among the American boys 
confined there was Everett HoUis, who was 
a Tidal employe, one of the first to vol- 
unteer when war was declared ; merely a 
boy in years, but a real soldier, and a 
brother of Miss Mabel Hollis of the Tidal 
office force, ex-member of the Topics 
staff, and one of the Tidal's oldest em- 
ployes (in point of service). Cotton, as 
Everett was known to us, was then con- 
valescing from fever and looked as though 
he craved Oklahoma sunshine and could 
not understand why they were trying to 
keep the Boche out of that part of France, 
but rather favored the idea of giving it to 
them and inflicting the punishment of 
making them live there. He had lost many 
of his personal effects and as the boys bri- 
gaded with the British had not much 
chance to re-equip themselves, we found 
opportunities to use the American Red 
Cross stores to good advantage. 



-^ 



THE foregoing incidents were contrib- 
uted by Mr. Edward H. Salrin, Audi- 
tor for the Tidal Oil Company, who en- 
tered the service of the American Red 
Cross during the month of August, 1918, 
as a Captain in the Department of Finance 
and Accounts, and who was given charge 
of Distribution of Supplies to Hospital 
and Active Troops, in which capacities he 
served until March, 1919, when he re- 
turned to resume his position with the 
Company. 

The American Red Cross service in 
France was divided into units, called 



Some Aveeks later, while assisting in es- 
tablishing a supply camp at a little town 
on the Somme River near Amiens, we 
came upon Cotton, who had just been dis- 
charged from the hospital after an attack 
of "flu." It was a cold, damp morning 
and he was without overcoat ; but worse 
still, without cigarettes. I was able to 
supply the latter, and a supply of 
sweaters, socks, etc., was shortly there- 
after distributed by the A. R. C. nearby. 

And right here let me add that the 
American Red Cross looked like Santa 
Claus to some several thousand boys that 
day. A replacement camp had just been 
moved to that location with meager ar- 
rangements for caring for the men sent 
there by the hundreds from the hospitals, 
and with the cold, rainy weather they were 
in real distress. With a few truck loads 
of clothing, blankets, cigarettes, hot 
drinks, an assortment of food stuffs, a 
rolling-kitchen and a lot of willing dough- 
boys we did a thriving business. 



zones. After spending a month in the gen- 
eral offices of the A. R. C. in Paris, Mr. 
Salrin was assigned to the zone covering 
the northeastern part of France and was 
stationed for four months at Boulogne- 
sur-Mer ; and at the close of activities as- 
sisted for two months in the work of clos- 
ing operations of the A.R.C. at Bordeaux. 
While in France, Mr. Salrin made two 
trips to Belgium and visited, in connection 
with his work, many sections of the battle 
front, where he secured a very interesting 
collection of war trophies, now on display 
in a cabinet in the Tidal club rooms. 



52 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



The Camouflage Corps 



CAMOUFLAGE, as most people know, 
is the science of concealing things 
from enemy observers. Gun emplacements, 
ammunition dumps, roads, trenches, huts, 
various other instruments of war had to be 
kept hidden, not only from pedestrian spies 
as in previous wars, but from the hostile 
eyes in the air as well. By means of photo- 
graphs taken by aerial observers the enemy 
tries to secure knowledge of gun positions 
and activities under way. 

There are two kinds of camouflage, tem- 
porary and permanent. Temporary cam- 
ouflage requires only a net, known to the 
corps as a fish net, and carried on the 
trailer of each gun. These nets were 
octagonal in shape, and concentrated or 
heavily woven with burlap at the center, 
gradually decreasing in density towards 
the outer edges. When a battery advanced 
or retreated to a new position the net 
was raised to approximately nine feet 
above the gun, affording shelter as well as 
concealing both gun and crew. Long 
wooden or metal poles supported the net 
and held it in place. 

To camouflage permanent gun emplace- 
ments required from two days to three 
weeks of hard work, unrolling wire, burlap 
and other materials, driving heavy stakes 
and timbers in place with a nineteen pound 
sledge. Chicken wire with burlap inter- 
woven in the meshes, resembling the forma- 
tion of surrounding foliage, was the most 
common means used to conceal a peraia- 
nent gun or battery position. Whereas in 
the temporary position each net covered 
one gun, in the permanent position the 
chicken wire net concealed from one to 
four guns. Permanent positions were pref- 



0. C. Gohdes, of the Sales Corporation 

erably in wooded territory so as to take 
advantage of all possible natural overhead 
protection. 

It was often necessary to camouflage a 
whole road leading to the front so that 
troops and ammunition could be sent over 
without detection. Sometimes the effect of 
the sunshine falling through the spaces in 
the burlap would dot the ground with fan- 
tastic shadows, so that if a fellow was 
romantic he might imagine himself walking 
through a grape arbor. If the sun 
bleached the material white we had to touch 
it up with paint to prevent it from be- 
coming conspicuous. After a job was com- 
pleted we would climb up neighboring tall 
trees and survey the results of our labor. 

We not only took pains to camouflage 
the positions we held, but we also camou- 
flaged places no longer in use, such as 
deserted guns, etc. Often we tried to make 
them appear as though still in use to mis- 
lead the enemy. For instance, after a 
heavy rain, when the good French mud was 
deep and thick, a whole squad of us would 
be marched out to a deserted gun place- 
ment and make foot-prints. When this 
was photographed by the enemy the foot- 
prints would show white and give the im- 
pression of occupancy. It was important 
to make sure that paths leading to gun 
locations were carefully hidden. Likewise 
the bare spots left around a gun had to 
be camouflaged as soon as action was sus- 
pended. For this branches of trees, leaves, 
and shrubs were used, being moved back 
before action re-commenced. Shell holes 
were also concealed in the same way, so 
that the enemy planes could not check up 
on the shells they had sent over. 



AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



53 



The Right Man for the Right Job 

The work of the Committee on Classification of 

Personnel in the Army is somewhat like the 

work of our own Personnel Department. 



TO turn a good clerk who was expert at 
"pushing a pen" into a crack sharp- 
shooter; to educate a truck driver to be- 
come an army cook — such were the tasks 
w^hich confronted our War Department in 
1917. The problem becomes more im- 
portant when men for the signal corps or 
the aero or engineer service were needed. 
How to draw^ from the civilian population, 
to build up an efficient army was the ques- 
tion. Never before this war had the na- 
tions been called upon for such large and 
highly organized armies. Modern warfare 
requires of its soldiers technical training of 
a high order. England, forced in 191-i to 
create her army practically overnight, had 
early sacrificed some of her best men as 
well as her best efficiency, and the United 
States, given a longer hour of grace, prof- 
ited by England's example. 

How was it done.'' Why, simply by re- 
garding civilian occupations as so many 
army training schools. From the record of 
a man's previous experience his assign- 
ment to army tasks was made. The quali- 
fication card system worked wonders. By 
means of it George Lilly of The Tide-Water 
Pipe Company, Ltd., was right at home on 
the battlefield as a private in the Field 
Signal Battalion. Tide Water telegraphy 
must be an excellent training school, judg- 
ing by the war record of Raymond Harger, 
who walked off with a British Signal Con- 
test Medal. As far as possible the men 
were appointed to jobs for which they were 
qualified. But things did not always work 



quite so logically. We find William 
Brooks, a Tide Water chauffeur, becoming 
a baker in the navy. In some cases it ap- 
pears that the service drew out hitherto 
latent talents or utilized the man's avoca- 
tion rather than his vocation in assigning 
him to duty, for we find S. L. Reynolds, 
usually occupied as a price clerk, signed 
up as a first class musician in the navy. 

The complicated task of connecting up 
the man and the job that fitted him was 
taken care of by the Committee on Classifi- 
cation of Personnel in the Army, which was 
composed of business psychologists, em- 
ployment managers and others who had 
specialized in such work. This Committee 
appointed civilian supervisors at all the 
cantonments, among whom was ]Mr. Phillip 
Brasher, Assistant to the President of the 
Tide Water Oil Co., who supervised the 
work at Camp Jackson^ S. C. 

But besides fitting the man to the job, it 
was necessary to fit the jobs for the men, 
that is to specify and standardize the vari- 
ous army occupations so that it could be 
seen at a glance just for which position a 
man qualified. Accordingly it became part 
of the duty of the Personnel Organization 
to undertake a systematic job-analysis 
from the army standpoint. This included 
not only specification of army jobs, but an 
analysis of civilian occupations. When a 
man says he has been an engineer, for in- 
stance, it is necessary to find out whether 
he is a civil or chemical engineer, or per- 
haps a railroad engineer whose training has 



54. 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



consisted of transporting the New Jersey 
commuter to his New York business. And 
then the various sorts of army engineering 
needs must be classified so that the man 
may be put in the proper place. 

For both officers and enlisted men, the 
qualification card was used. In the case 
of the enlisted men these cards were filled 
out by expert interviewers, the officers filled 
out their own cards which were then vised 
by their superiors, who rated them for 
physical qualities, intelligence, leadership, 
personal qualities, and general value to the 
service. 

For classifying the enlisted men in addi- 
tion to the qualification card, trade tests 
were used. These oral, picture, and per- 
formance examinations tested men for 
eighty-four army trades which were classi- 
fied as to the duties involved, qualifications 
required, and the substitute tradesmen that 
could best be used. Thus the man's degree 
of skill was ascertained more certainly than 
it could be by the results of an interview. 

At the time the United States entered 
the war, many specialists of high standing 
flocked to Washington to offer their skilled 
services to the Government. In order to 
deal with these, a sort of clearing house was 
established under the name of the War 
Service Exchange. Mr. O. P. Keeney of 
the Tide Water Oil Co. was appointed 
Assistant Director of the Division of Lu- 
bricants and Foreign Requirements of the 
U. S. Fuel Administration, and Mr. Byron 
D. Benson became head of the Petroleum 
Division of the Fuel Administration. 

And so it went — wherever an expert was 
needed by the Government he was found 
somewhere, and called upon to turn his 
tools to war purposes. In collaboration 
with the Adjutant-General's office, the Pro- 
vost Marshal General's office and the Sur- 



geon-General's office, the Committee on 
Classification of Personnel rendered valu- 
able service. Assistance was given the Sur- 
geon-General's office in devising a series of 
general intelligence tests, and also in the 
upbuilding of the Development Battalions 
in which men who were physically, mentally, 
or educationally below par were given such 
training as is necessary to fit them for mili- 
tary life. The Personnel Committee saw to 
it that these men were assigned only to 
work which they were capable of perform- 
ing. The Committee also co-operated with 
the Committee on Educational and Special 
Training, to assist in fitting men more com- 
pletely for army duties. 

This brief sketch gives only a bird's-eye 
view of the personnel work in the army. 
It merely suggests the methods employed to 
utilize the man-power of America to the 
utmost by using each man where he was 
most capable and consequently most ef- 
fective. 

Tide Water evidently proved a desirable 
training school. In looking over our 
records, we find that a Tide Water auditor 
became an army auditor; that a foreman 
in the experimental plant served as private 
in the chemical warfare service ; Tide 
Water chauffeurs and truck-drivers were in 
the transport corps. Tide Water teleg- 
raphers in the signal corps, and engineers 
in the engineering service. 

And now much the same system is being 
applied to Tide Water personnel. The 
methods which proved successful and the 
information gained by the experience of the 
Committee on Classification of Personnel 
for the War Department is being taken 
advantage of by us. 

It is interesting to know that the United 
States Army is the only army that used 
this or any method of classifying personnel. 



AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



55 



Read here the comments of one of our hoys 

who served the committee on classification of 

personnel. 

"The Nut Test" 

George R. Denton, of The East Jersey li. 1\. and 
Terminal Co. 



HAVE any of you fellows who took the 
psychological examination at camp 
ever wondered what it was all about? 
Maybe you know it better by the army 
term of "nut test." 

When the war first started it was in- 
tended to pick the best men among the re- 
cruits by the manner in which they did 
K. P. and such tasks. However, with the 
change in plan by which t/ou were put on 
all fatigue and guard details a new sys- 
tem was necessary to test the intellect of 
the other men. 

The "squirrel" tests were arranged b}' 
some of the leading psychologists to do 
just that. It was possible as a result of 
these tests to balance the men in various 
organizations so that each unit would have 
the appropriate number of high, medium 
and low grade men. Instances were dis- 
covered where one unit had a large propor- 
tion of first-class men and another unit in- 
tended to do the same duty was below the 
average mentally. The tests were also used 
to discover men who could be sent to offi- 
cers' training camps, who could be made 
non-commissioned officers or who could be 
put on special assignments. 

As some of you remember, the test or- 
deal was the first through which you were 
put after reaching camp. 

The most common test was for those who 
understood enough English to read a 
newspaper and write a letter. There were 
several others so that it was possible to 



give nearly every one the proper test, tak- 
ing into account his nationality, schooling 
and length of time in this country. After 
the examination was completed the papers 
were rushed through the scoring room and 
a report of the marks made to the Com- 
pany Commander. For those who failed 
to pass, a different test was given in which 
knowledge of English was not a factor. 
Those failing to pass this test were exam- 
ined individually and the proper diagnosis 
made. Some were recommended for regu- 
lar training, some were assigned to labor 
or development battalions and some were 
discharged. 

The test was in eight parts, each of a 
different type and on a different page and 
required less than one hour for completion. 
Some of the tests were called "following 
directions," and "practical judgment," and 
"general information." They were de- 
signed so that nearly every one could an- 
swer some of the questions on each page 
and yet hard enough so that very few could 
finish a page before it was time to turn 
to the next. This gave a large and ac- 
curate range of results as there were few 
zeros and no perfect scores. 

The mental tests have little or no cor- 
relation with mechanical ability. To judge 
this the War Department used the "Trade 
Tests" Avhich were a practical application 
of a man's knowledge of his trade. 

At Camp Dix, New Jersey, where I was 
stationed for eight months, we examined 
about seventv-five thousand men, twenty- 



5(> 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 



five per cent of whom could not read or 
write. One man when asked if he could read 
replied that he only read the sporting page. 
His interest in baseball was so keen that 
he learned to pick out the forms of base- 
ball words. We also examined a well 
known millionaire, who replied to the ques- 



tion, "What should a man do if he cannot 
swim and falls into the water," by sug- 
gesting that he "float around and yell for 
help." However, he was not as bad as the 
chap who said he could make a round trip 
between two points and go down hill both 
wavs. 



>^ 



I 



In an Old French Cemetery 

E. H. Salriii 
N a quiet spot among the hills over- tenanced child of twelve, Mademoiselle 
looking the Gironde River and not far Marcelle Bedet. Her father had been 



from the village of Carbon Blanc, we 
found the wooden cross marking the grave 
of R. Granger Benson. There had been 
taken over by the A, E. F. a small tract of 
land — an extension of a beautiful old 
French cemetery — and there among the 
rows of newly made mounds was the small 
white cross bearing the inscription : 
"Robert G. Benson, Master Engineer, Jr. 
Gr., 80T Stev. Bm. T. C, Died Oct. 27, 
1918." Covering the grave was a mass of 
flowers, some of them in bloom, and on the 



killed during the war, and her mother had 
died some years before. There in a part 
of an old stone house, she lived with a 
crippled old grandfather and grand- 
mother. It seemed she took great pride 
in the care of Mr. Benson's grave, and 
as was a custom among the French people 
who had lost a member of their family, had 
adopted an American grave as a token of 
appreciation and in memory of their dead. 
In that little tumbled-down home we 
listened to a story of privation and hard- 
ship that would touch the hardest heart. 



cross was a wreath of evergreen and holly yet they were happy in the thought that 

tied with a red, white and blue ribbon. ^]^^^, ^^^\^ pleased soine one, especially an 

We were informed by the Sergeant in American, 
charge that a little French mademoiselle Before we left we reimbursed them for 

was responsible for the decorations, and the cost of the flowers from a fund, given 

being directed to her found her just us before sailing from America, to be used 

returning from school, a serious-coim- for such purposes. 



The Armistice {Continued from Page si) 

the termination of the war. This time have now been re-absorbed into civilian 

certainty that the war was indeed over life, taking up their peace-time tasks with 

gave an added force to the festivities. the same vigor and will that they demon- 

Although a part of the American Forces strated in the trenches. And now before 

were kept in France as an Army of Occu- them lie the formidable problems of a 

pation, from this time on the American difficult reconstruction. By these same 

doughboys began to come home. They patriots these problems must be met. 



AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



iyt 




Abanese, Anthony 
Addis, Frederick H. 
Aggas, L. S. 
Allen, Arthur L. 
Allen, Patrick A. 
Allen, Paul V. 
Allen, Theodore A. 
Allison, Walter G. 
Anderson, Gus 
*Andre\vs, Harold T. 
Andrews, Lee 
Arello, John 
Arlington, Theodore 
Ashby, Cordyn 
Askew, Kenneth 
Atkins, E. L. 
Atkinson, W. DeWilder 

Babbitt, Charles 

Bader, Samuel 

Badman, a. 

Bailey, George 

Baldwin, Benjamin 
*Ball, Willard H., Jr. 

Baluha, Andrew A. 

Baren, Stephen 

Barlow, Ivan W. 

Barlow, Stanley 

Barry, .John A. 

Basham, Roy 

Bayer, H. J. 

Bayer, L. F. 

Beal, Fred 

Becker, William 

Beggs, M. 

Benson, Oscar 
*Benson, R. Granger 

BiRTCIEL, J. A. 

Bishop, Harry 
Bolton, James 
Bolton, Joseph 
Bond, C. E. 

'Killed in Action 



Bonner, R. J. 
BooTHBY, Arthur M. 
Bourne, Edgar J. 
BowEN, Frank 
Bowman, P. M. 
BoYER, Charles 
BoYER, Percy E. E. 
Boyle, Cornelius 
Boyle, Hugh J. 
Bradley, Joe. 
Brand, Paul 
Brannick, Patrick 
Brandingham, Guy 
*Branscombe, Walter A. 
Bray, W. N. 
Brennan, v. C. 
Broderick, F. a. 
Brooks, William F. 
Brown, Charles 
Brown, Ralph 
Bryan, G. W. 
Buckman, Henry R. 
BuHRFiEND, Henry 
Burker, William J. 
Burns, Ernest W. 
Bush, Will E. 
Busmann, Amos W. 
Bushy, Floyd 

Call, Bill 

Callahan, Thomas F. 
Campbell, Edgar 
Carboy, William 
Cassidy, John A. 
Cassidy, Thomas 
Caulfield, Harry 
Cerbone, Luigi 
Chambers, J. H. 
Chicola, Walter 
Chinery, George M. 
CiNSOL, G. 

Cirriel, Philip 
Cirrilla, Louis 



Claasen, C. W. 
Clay, Wilson 
Cline, Albert B. 
CoAKLEY, Patrick 
CoGGiNS, James 
Collier, John 
Collins, Alfred B. 
Collins, John 
Connelly, James 
Conte, William 
CoNTi, John 
Contis, Nickolas 
Conway, John J. 
Cook, Alexander H. 
Cooper, Francis 
Corum, Jonathan 
Corcoran, Michael 
cornett, n. c. 
CosTELLO, Edward 
CosTELLO, Thomas 
Cotter, William 
Cox, James, Jr. 
Craft, Lon 
Crawford, Henry 
Crawford, Robert 
Cranger, Wm. H., Jr. 
Crewse, William E. 
Cromwell, H. C. 
Crooks, Charles, Jr. 
Crockett, D. G. 
Crowley, Charles 
Crowley, Daniel 
Crowley, John 
*CuFF, James J. 
Cummings, W. 
Cushmeyer, yi. J. 

Dalton, Edward A. 
Dalton, Edward J. 
Dalton, John 
Daly, George 
Davis, Evan H. 
Davis, Harold L. 



58 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 




>ilX^ 



Davis, Clarence James 
Davidson, H. G. 
Day, Hugh 
Deckard, Morgan 
Degarimore, Otis 
Demesak, Michael 
Dempsey, Luke 
Dennis, Robert 
Denton, George R. 
Desmond, William N. 
DeHoog, John A., Jr. 
DiDERicK, John 
DiDRicKSEN, John 
Dillon, Michael 

DiLLENDER, FrED M. 
DiNSMORE, C. A. 

Dixon, Joseph 
Dixon, Stephen 
DoHERTv, William 
Donovan, Daniel 
Donovan, James, Jr. 
Donovan, William 
Doyle, Theodore 
Dolan, Frank 
Driscoll, John 
Dudgeon, John 
Duffy, Patrick 
Duffy, C. S. 
DuMPHY, John 
DuMPHY, Michael 
DuNPHV, Patrick J. 
DwYER, Philip 
DwYER, Edward 
DwYER, James J. 

Eagan, Thomas 
Easton, Thomas 
Ebbes, a. I. 
Ede, Raymond W. 
Edwards, C. L. 
Edwards, Douglas 
Edwards, Howard 



Edwards, W. L. 
Egerton, Benjamin H. 
Eggers, Peter 
Eligator, H. D. 
Erickson, Asa 
Ernst, Richard 
Evans, James 
Evans, J. Melroy 

Fahey, J. E. 
Farley, James 
Farrer, L. E. 
Fassett, Gardner B. 
Ferguson, Albert 
Ferguson, Wm. J., Jr. 
Fesco, Michael 
Finck, Edward 
Fink, John R. 
Fitzsimmons, Wm. 
Flay, Raymond 
Fletcher, H. A. 
Fletcher, William 
Flynn, Hugh 
Flynn, W. B. 
Foster, John J. 
Foster, James 
Foreman, C. D. 
Fouch, Homer K. 
Frank, Henry W. 
Franklin, Frank R. 
Frayer, John 
Freeman, Arthur 
Ferguson, W. J. 
Fitzpatrick, R. J. 
Ford, Henry T. 
Fritts, Frederick A. 
Frnora, Joseph 

Gagen, Wm. 
Gallagher, George 
Gallagher, John J. 
Gallagher, Patrick 
Gallaway, Ansele 



Garllo, Angelo 
Gartlan, Frank L. 
Garlington, O. 
Garaghty, J. 
Gerhardt, Fred J. 
Gelay, Gilbert 
Gilbert, Albert 
Gilbert, Edgar 
Gilmartis, Wm. B. 
Gill, John 
GiLLiLAND, Lester E. 
Gion, W. 
GivENs, Dennis 
Glass, Neal 
Gleason, J. 
Glenn, Richard J. 
Gohdes, Otto C. 
GoRio, Louis 
Gold, Hugh 
Glocani, R. 
Goldberg, Sam 
GoLiAS, Paul A. 
Gordon, C. 
Gordon, J. 
GoTT, Louis 
Gourley, William 
Graham, James T. 
Graves, Louis L. 
Granger, Wm. H., Jr. 
Gregory, Eugene 
Greene, C. J. 
Griggs, Morton R. 
Griggs, Arthur R. 
Griggs, Terry D. 
Grove, Ralph H. 
GuiNN, Ralph C. 

Haber, Arthur 
Halday, W. LeRoy 
Hanna, W^m. R. 
Hansen, E. W. 
Hensen, Emil 
Harriman, Wilfred C. 



AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



59 




Harris, A. C. 
Harris, Henry H. 
Harris, James 
Harger, Raymond 
Harmon, E. C. 
Harvey, Alexander Boyd 
Hayes, William A. 
Heckler, A. L. 
Heebe, G. W. 
Heeney, Henry 
Herbert, A. 
Herbert, James 
Herbert, Thomas J. 
*Herbert, William 
Heussler, Fred 
Hickey, Philip A. 
HicKEY, James J. 
Higgins, Martin V. 
Hill, Leonard 
HiLARETSKi, John 
HiLBERT, George 
HiLCKEN, Walter 
Hinners, Herman 
Hersch, Frank A. 
Hock, Meyer 
HoLFORD, John 
HoMMACK, Alexander 
Hopkins, H. H. 
Hopkins, Frederick N. 
Horn, Robert 
Horowitz, Samuel 
HoRTON, Glen L. 
Howell, S. K. 
hoyman, s. s. 
HoxE, William 
Hoxworth, Albert L 
Houston, Zeb 
Hubbard, Dana M. 
Huddy, William 
Hughes, Parker 
Hundley, William 

* Killed in Action 



Huntington, O. F. 
Hurley, John 
Hutchinson, James A. 

Ice, Earl R. 
Ingram, E. E. 
Irvin, H. Norman 
Isles, F. W. 
IsoM, Ralph 

Jackson, Claud 
Jackson, William 
Jeffreys, Herman 
Jenkins, Ephraim 
Johnson, E. X. 
Johnson, William 
Jordan, Edward W. 
Joyce, Edward 
Joyce, James J. 
*Joyce, Martin K. 
JozwicK, John 
Jungdahl, Arthur 

Kane, Michael 
Karecki, K. 
Katica, Joseph J. 
Kearney, Nicholas 
Keating, Patrick J. 
Keating, William 
Keebler, Frank W. 
Keeney, G. a., Jr. 
Keifer, John H. 
Keffer, John AV. 
Kelly, Curtis 
Kelley, Joseph A. 
Kelley, James 
Kellner, William N. 
Kemper, William E. 
Kemptar, George F. 
KiERMAN, Frank 
Kline, William 
Kress, Ivan 
KuHN, Frederick O. 



Labritt, James 
Labrisk, John 
Lacer, a. E. 
Lacy, Murry 
La Forge, John F. 
Land, C. L. 
Land, L. W. 
Lee, Randall E. 
Lee, William 
Legan, H. W^. 
Leonard, R. Leonard 
Levendusky, John 
Levendusky, Michael 
Louis, John L. 
Liberti, Nunzio 
LiGNON, Michael 
Lilly, George H. 
Lister, V. N. 
LocKYEAR, Frank 
LoHMAN, Isaac H. 
LowERY, Aebijah F. 
Luc, Joseph 
LucKEY, John A. 
LuPER, George 

McCaffery, John 
McCarthy, Jeremiah 
McCarty, Ray B. 
McCaw, Paul V. 
McCoLE, Charles 

McCoLE, W^ILLIAM 

McCreary, Frank 
McDonald, Ansil 
McDonald, E. J. 
McDowell, Robert W. 
McFadden, Charles 
McFadden, John 
McGiNNis, Leo J. 
McGiNiTY, Bernard 
McGrath, Douglas 
McGrath, Thomas J. 
McGuiNN, Michael J. 
McKiEVER, Robert 



60 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 




..^&::ii 



/^ixisb. 



McLaughlin, Clarence 
McMann, H. 
McNally, Joseph J. 
McNevins, Oscar 
McPhail, Thomas H. 
MacPherson, EXouglas 
JMahnken, H. H. 
Marcellus, John 
Marcis, Joseph 
Marohn, Fred 
Marney, Elbert 
Martin, Jack H. 
Martin, Jeffeto 
Massa, Richard 
Mastronmanace, M. 
Mathews, Dan W. 
Matthews, Francis J. 
]\f ATHis, Arnold 
Manurizia, a. 
May, Wm. H. 
Mayfield, H. 
Meath, Thomas 
Meers, Roy 
Mey, Wm. H. 
Meyer, William A. 
Middleton, John W^. 
]MiLLER, Charles, S. 
Miller, George J. 
Miller, John C. 
Miller, Robert 
Miller, P. N. 
INIooRE, Ed. 
Moore, Ernest P. 
Moore, Walter F. 
MoRAN, David P. 
Morgan, Roy J. 
MoRPHEW, Jas. Randfund 
Morton, Walter F. 
Morton, H. W., Jr. 

MOTTERSHEAD, Ed. 

Mulligan, Luke 
Murray, John W. 



Murphy, Bartholomew 
Murphy, Henry W. 
Murphy, Jeremiah 
Murphy, John J. 
Murphy, Lawrence 
Meyers, C. E. 

Nagengast, John 
Napieiski, Anthony 
Naselroad, Joe 
Neilson, George 
Nellis, Ed. B. 
Nelson, Helmer B. 
Neuman, George 
Nevius, John Richard 
Newsome, Frank 
Newton, Gail P. 
Nickels, Earl F. 
Nickels, Stanton 
Nichols, Ernest L. 
Nichols, Harrison S. 
Nittle, James R. 
Norman, George Sloan 

O'Brien, Cornelius 
O'Connor, Patrick 
O'Donnell, John 
O'DoNNELL, Philip N. 
O'Halloran, John P. 
O'Hara, E. F. 
O'Hare, Matthew 
Oldfield, Tipton E. 
Oliver, George 
Opell, John C. 
osbahr, h. c. 

Paige, Frederick L. 
Palmer, P'rank N. 
Palosky, J. 
Pardee, Nicholas J. 
Parella, Angelo 
Pavick, Stephen 
Pearce, J. Owen, Jr. 



Peck, W. L 
Peek, J. C. 
Penn, V. D. 
Pepoon, Harry L. 
Per Lee, Charles 
Perri, Dominick 
Peterson, Edward 
Peterson, Thomas J. 
Petti, Alphonse 
Pierce, Frank 
PoLERO, William 

POLIZZANO, NiCKOLAS N. 

Porter, Clarence R. 
Potter, S. L. 
Pouch, John E. 
Powers, Richard J. 
Powers, William 
Powell, O. T. 
Pracht, John C. 
Prahm, George 
Prendergast, James 
Price, Thaddeus 
Prichard, N. T. 

QUACKENBUSH, RoY 

QuiNN, John A. 

Raisner, Christopher 
Ranger, Leon B. 
Rathert, Louis 
Rawlins, Fred 
Reebe, G. W. 
Reed, Chauncey W. 
Reed, Harry E. 
Reid, Glen Allen 
Reilly, Cornelius 
Reilly, James 
Reilly, John J. 
Reynolds, S. L. 
Rhodes, Arthur 
Richardson, Joseph 
RicHETS, Isaac 
RicQUE, Frank 



AFTER THE U. S. ENTERED THE CONFLICT 



61 




.^ife: 



m^ffb. 



Riley, Bernard 
RoENBECK, Abe 
RoEsiNGER, Charles R. 
RoESiNGER, Chris. H. 
RoEsiNGER, Robert 
Rogers, A. L. 
RoLLiNGER, Robert 
Roma, Charles 
rosinski, j. 
Roth, Jilius, Jr. 
Rothman, Charles 

ROTANDI, AnGELO 

Ruff, William Wayne 
RrsHNACK, Andrew 
Rushnak, Joseph 
Ryan, James J. 
Ryan, Thomas 

Sadlusky, Thomas 
Salski, John 
Salrin, E. H. 
Sandburg. Charles 
Sanders, William 
Savage, Kenneth N. 
Say, Stewart 

SCHAEFFER, GeORCJE H. 
SCHALK, H. L. 

ScHARMAN, Edward 
ScHiLKE, Edward 
Schmertz, John R. 
ScHOMP, John G. 

SCHULTZ, N. 
ScOLMAIERE, A. 

Scott, Malcom 
scribner, g. h. 
Searle, F. Sheldon 
Sedowski, Joseph 
Sellinger, Eugene C. 
Sestakosky, Joseph 
Sexton, James 
Shapiro, William Duff 
Shea, Edward L. 



KilK'd in Action 



Shephard, George 

Sheridan, Miles 

Shipley, John 

Showers, William 

SiLSBY, John A. 

Simmons, Frank 

SiNGLEY, Ellis T. 

Sitzer, Marshall W. 

Slickman, Walter 

Smallwood, A. E. 

Smith, A. 

Smith, Charles 

Smith, D. V. 

Smith, L. Eugene 

Smith, James Arthur 

Smith, M. J. 

Smith, ^^ illiam 

Smoyer, John H. 

Snow, Oscar 

Snipes, J. L. 

socklow, a. 
Sodluski, T. 
Spillane, John J. 
Squire, George 
Stafford, James E. 
Stahl, Francis 
Stark, Charles A. 
Stefeux, Joseph 
Stewart, Gidd 
Stower, Leslie Lowery 
Stowell, W. H. 
Storck, William 
Stratmeyer, Julius 
Sturtwant, Walter G. 
SucHvio, John 
Sullivan, G. 
Sullivan, John 
surrelli, a. d. 
Sweeney, Daniel 



Sweeney, John 
Sweeney, Thomas N. 
Sweeney, Thomas 
swersky, m. 

Tallmadge, C. 
Tate, Elmer 
Taylor, A. 
Taylor, M. A. 
Thomas, Marion 
Thomas, Raymond 
Thomas, Richard 
Thompson, F. L. 
Thompson, Carl 

TiEFENWEITH, F. 

Timmonds, Frank 
ToEPFER, William 
ToNEY, Arthur C. 
ToMPsoN, Francis L. 
Tooth MAN, Guy 
ToRELLO, Michael 
TowNEs, Harvey 
Trainor, E. 
Trussel, Ralph 
Tucker, David 
Tucker, Louis 

Utter, George D. 

Van Riper, E. A. 
Van Sickle, H. E. 
Van Woeart, Leon 
Vantine, John 
Verbryck, Fred M. 
\'owers, William L. 
Vyhrosky, Edward 

*Wade, Joseph P. 
Wade, Luke 
Wagner, John F. 
Wagner, J. 
Walsh, John 
Walsh, John J. 
Walther, E. H. 



62 



TIDE WATER TOPICS 




a:^f£b. 



Ward, Charles 
Ward, H. P. 
Ward, Harold F. 
Ward, Luke 
Warner, John W. 
Waters, James 
Waterbury, Lewis C. 
Watkins, Emmett 
Watson, Howard R. 
Watson, H. R. 
Welcher, Frederick 
Wells, George 
Wells, William B. 
Wendeborn, F. C. 



White, John T. 
White, P. W. 
Wichern, Theodore 
WiELGowsKi, John 
Willard, Wells 
Wilkinson, O. E. 
Williams, Forest G. 
Williams, Frank 
Williams, Vincent 
Williamson, Wm. B., Jr. 
Wilson, Emmett L. 
Wilson, John 
WiNLAND, Lloyd A. 



WiTczsK, Stephen 
Wood, Edgar 
Wood, Homer 
WooDROw, Ralph E. 
Wright, Clarence 
Wright, Hamilton 

Young, John 
Young, S. 
Young, Shade U. 

Zackman, H. G. 
Zemkesky, Bernard 
ZoELLER, Robert E. 
Zygmunt, W. J. 



LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 



020 934 432 4 



